Nature Search

Community benchmarking and evaluation of human unannotated microprotein detection by mass spectrometry based proteomics

Several recent publications have attempted to detect novel unannotated microproteins using mass spectrometry proteomics. Here, the authors reassess these claimed microprotein detections, finding that many are poorly supported, while a subset represents likely genuine discoveries of novel proteins.

Aaron Wacholder
Eric W. Deutsch
Anne-Ruxandra Carvunis
ResearchOpen Access21 Jan 2026
Nature Communications

Volume: 17, P: 1-12
Nascent alt-protein chemoproteomics reveals a pre-60S assembly checkpoint inhibitor

Cao et al. develop a chemoproteomic pipeline to identify nascent unannotated alt-proteins and show that cell-cycle-regulated alt-protein MINAS-60 is a checkpoint inhibitor of pre-60S assembly.

Xiongwen Cao
Alexandra Khitun
Sarah A. Slavoff
Research07 Apr 2022
Nature Chemical Biology

Volume: 18, P: 643-651
Alt-RPL36 downregulates the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway by interacting with TMEM24

Many alternative ORFs are co-encoded with characterized proteins, but their function is often not understood. Here, the authors discover that ribosomal protein L36 is co-encoded with alternative protein, which they identify as an upstream regulator of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling.

Xiongwen Cao
Alexandra Khitun
Sarah A. Slavoff
ResearchOpen Access21 Jan 2021
Nature Communications

Volume: 12, P: 1-15
LZTR1 is a melanoma oncogene that promotes invasion and suppresses apoptosis

Antonella Bacchiocchi
Michael Mak
Ruth Halaban
ResearchOpen Access30 Aug 2025
Oncogene

Volume: 44, P: 3974-3984
A human microprotein that interacts with the mRNA decapping complex

Mass-spectrometry-based proteomics led to the identification of NoBody, a microprotein translated from LINC01420 RNA, which interacts with enhancer of decapping 4 (EDC4) and negatively regulates 5′-to-3′ mRNA decay.

Nadia G D'Lima
Jiao Ma
Sarah A Slavoff
Research05 Dec 2016
Nature Chemical Biology

Volume: 13, P: 174-180
Discovering ligand-receptor interactions

A new probe identifies cell-surface receptors bound by known ligands.

Sarah A Slavoff
Alan Saghatelian
News & Views10 Oct 2012
Nature Biotechnology

Volume: 30, P: 959-961
Massively parallel knock-in engineering of human T cells

Unbiased selection of CAR-T cells is achieved by massively parallel knock-in engineering.

Xiaoyun Dai
Jonathan J. Park
Sidi Chen
Research26 Jan 2023
Nature Biotechnology

Volume: 41, P: 1239-1255
Peptidomic discovery of short open reading frame–encoded peptides in human cells

The human genome contains stretches of DNA sequence with unknown function. Peptidomics coupled to RNA-Seq now reveals a class of short open reading frames in human genomes that are translated into small peptides.

Sarah A Slavoff
Andrew J Mitchell
Alan Saghatelian
Research18 Nov 2012
Nature Chemical Biology

Volume: 9, P: 59-64
Translon: a single term for translated regions

Michał I. Świrski
Jack A. S. Tierney
Pavel V. Baranov
Correspondence01 Sept 2025
Nature Methods

Volume: 22, P: 2002-2006
The translation of non-canonical open reading frames controls mucosal immunity

In mouse macrophages, a range of short and non-ATG-initiated open reading frames that can generate proteins are identified, one of which is shown to be essential for host immunity to enteric mucosal infection and inflammation.

Ruaidhrí Jackson
Lina Kroehling
Richard A. Flavell
Research12 Dec 2018
Nature

Volume: 564, P: 434-438
How many human proteoforms are there?

Ruedi Aebersold
Jeffrey N Agar
Bing Zhang
Reviews14 Feb 2018
Nature Chemical Biology

Volume: 14, P: 206-214

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