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A study using a mouse solid tumour model suggests that adjusting the dosing frequency of the PI3Kδ inhibitor AMG319 in the treatment of human cancers could decrease tumour growth with fewer adverse effects.

A high-resolution, global atlas of mortality of children under five years of age between 2000 and 2017 highlights subnational geographical inequalities in the distribution, rates and absolute counts of child deaths by age.

Two side-by-side papers report that H3K27me3 deposited by polycomb repressive complex 2 represents an epigenetic barrier that restricts naïve human pluripotent cell differentiation into alternative lineages including trophoblasts.

Dipterocarp trees are iconic but severely threatened species in Asian rainforests. This study assembles high-quality genomes of seven dipterocarp species to reveal the molecular basis of key adaptations and identifies a recent sharp population decline coinciding with local human activity.

The application of photoswitches as light-responsive triggers for phase transitions of porous materials remains poorly explored. Here, the authors report a light-responsive flexible metal-organic framework which undergoes pore contraction upon combined application of light irradiation and adsorption stress via a buckling process of the framework-embedded azobenzene photoswitch.

The human endoderm-derived organoid cell atlas (HEOCA) presents an integrative analysis of single-cell transcriptomes across different conditions, sources and protocols. It compares cell types and states between models, and harmonizes cell annotations through mapping to primary tissues.

α/β-hydrolase domain-containing protein 11 (ABHD11) is a mitochondrial hydrolase, and its expression in CD4 + T-cells has been linked to remission status in rheumatoid arthritis. Here the authors report that pharmacological inhibition of ABHD11 modulates T-cell effector function via increased 24,25-epoxycholesterol biosynthesis and subsequent liver X receptor activation.

The Indus river basin in South Asia is water stressed, energy insecure and intensively farmed, and research on this region often lacks a systemic approach to the issues. This study shows how the path to development in the region could be made less costly and more environmentally friendly by fostering transboundary cooperation.

Jakab et al. show that metastasizing tumor cells have a predetermined methylation status that allows them to respond differentially to endothelial cell niche-derived Wnt signals, resulting in either latency or intravascular proliferation.

Inspired by thermal optocapacitive approaches at regulating neuronal activity, the authors explore a photolipid-based non-thermal optocapacitive method that allows for regulating voltage-gated and mechanosensitive ion channels using light.

A human neural organoid cell atlas integrating 36 single-cell transcriptomic datasets shows cell types and states and estimates transcriptomic similarity between primary and organoid counterparts, showing potential to assess organoid fidelity and facilitate protocol development.

Ley and colleagues show that negative selection only partially explains the difference between CD4⁺ T cell responses to self and foreign peptides and that PD-1 and CD73 synergistically limit the CD4⁺ T cell responses to self.

Aging impacts lung functionality and makes it more susceptible to chronic diseases. Combining proteomics and single cell transcriptomics, the authors chart molecular and cellular changes in the aging mouse lung, discover aging hallmarks, and predict the cellular sources of regulated proteins.

Baccin, Al-Sabah, Velten et al. use single-cell and spatially resolved transcriptomics to map the cellular, molecular and spatial organization of the endosteal, sinusoidal and arteriolar bone marrow niches.

Embrace mistakes, urges Mario Livio — they are portals to scientific progress.

Guiding light around dynamic regions of a scattering object by means of propagating light through the most ‘stable’ channel within a moving scattering medium is demonstrated, potentially advancing fields such as deep imaging in living biological tissue and optical communications through turbulent air and underwater.

Accurately predicting battery lifetime is desirable. Here, the author shows that physics-based models for predicting lifetime of lithium-ion batteries must include how degradation modes evolve over lifetime, otherwise the models may be overfitting the experimental data.

Mixtures of various size fullerenes are available as a component of fullerene soot, but isolating pure fullerenes is a challenging task. Here, the authors use a porphyrin-based supramolecular cage that encapsulates fullerenes with high selectivity and releases C₆₀by a simple washing technique.

AI is changing the way researchers work forever, but human expertise must continue to hold sway.

Cryogenic electron microscopy determines the structure of a fully assembled, MR1-reactive, human Vγ8Vδ3 TCR–CD3δγε₂ζ₂ complex bound by anti-CD3ε antibody Fab fragments.

Here Duanet al. demonstrate dynamic plasmonic colour displays using catalytic magnesium metasurfaces. Controlled hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of the constituent nanoparticles, which serve as dynamic pixels, allow plasmonic colour printing, tuning, erasing, restoration of colour and encoding of information.

Photo-excitation in strongly correlated materials is usually modelled as an increase of electronic energy that is then transferred to other degrees of freedom. Contrarily, Novelli et al.show that in a charge-transfer insulator, sub-gap excitation forms electrons that are suddenly dressed by the boson field.

A study proposes four ways in which foods sourced in aquatic environments can contribute to healthier, more environmentally sustainable and equitable food systems, and examines the relevance of these ambitions to nations.

Protein corona formation on nanoparticles and the resultant effects on cellular interactions is well documented, where less is known about the fate of the corona in the cell. Here, the authors track the protein corona and nanoparticles in cells and describe the separation and different processing within different cellular compartments.

Here, the authors show in a cohort of people with HIV, COVID mRNA vaccination is followed by a transient boost in a particular profile of HIV-specific T-cell responses and a corresponding decrease in residual HIV RNA – suggesting productive immune engagement with infected cells.

The ascomycete Cenococcum geophilum is a beneficial mycorrhizal symbiont found frequently on tree roots. Here the authors use comparative genomics and transcriptomics to define genomic signatures that differentiate the beneficial C. geophilumfrom its saprotrophic and pathogenic relatives.

A phase I trial of a neoantigen-targeting personalized cancer vaccine led to durable and polyfunctional T cell responses and antitumour recognition, and was associated with no recurrence in patients with high-risk clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Bhattacharjee and Schaeffer et al. map exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in 94 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), finding increased EBF practice and reduced subnational variation across the majority of LMICs from 2000 to 2018. However, only six LMICs will meet WHO’s target of ≥70% EBF by 2030 nationally, and only three will achieve this in all districts.

Response rates to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain low. Here the authors show that ablative treatment of tumor-draining regional lymphatics, a standard of care approach in patients, impairs the tumor response to ICI in preclinical HNSCC models.

Innate immune evasion is key to evolution of the pandemic lineage of HIV.

Whether and how hypothalamic neurons can lose or change their identity in adulthood has remained elusive. Here, the authors show that mature pro-opiomelanocortin (Pomc) neurons contain invisible ‘Ghost’ subsets with atypical identities that are recruited in response to obesogenic stimuli.

An analysis of 85 Ebola virus sequences collected in Guinea from July to November 2014 provides insight into the evolution of the Ebola virus responsible for the epidemic in West Africa; the results show sustained transmission of three co-circulating lineages, each defined by multiple mutations.

Hundreds of genetic loci associated with age at menopause, combined with experimental evidence in mice, highlight mechanisms of reproductive ageing across the lifespan.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

Studies using mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma identify an association between age, iron homeostasis and tumour initiation potential that involves NUPR1 and lipocalin-2.

Tertiary lymphoid structures play important roles during homeostatic but also immunopathological conditions including autoimmune disorders. Here the authors integrate single cell sequencing with spatial proteomics and transcriptomics to define a cellular and spatial map of tertiary lymphoid structures in salivary glands of patients with Sjogren’s syndrome.

Several clinical reports have described gastrointestinal symptoms for COVID-19, though whether the virus can replicate within the stomach remains unclear. Here the authors generate gastric organoids from human biopsies and show that the virus can efficiently infect gastric epithelium, suggesting that the stomach might have an active role in fecal-oral transmission.

Global challenges demand global solutions. Here, the authors show a distributed self-driving lab architecture in The World Avatar, linking robots in Cambridge and Singapore for asynchronous multi-objective reaction optimisation.

How the imprinted Cdkn1c locus regulates corticogenesis is unclear. Here, the authors dissect the level of cell-autonomy of imprinted Cdkn1c gene function in mouse corticogenesis and identify this as regulating radial glial progenitor cell and projection neuron survival.

Marine woodborers can digest woody biomass without the help of gut microbiota but the mechanism has remained unclear. Here, the authors provide evidence that the woodborer’s respiratory protein hemocyanin plays a central role in wood digestion and may offer a route toward biorefining of woody plant biomass.

Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of kidney failure in the world and cellular insulin resistance is an important driver of this disease. Here, Lay et al identify multiple insulin-resistance driven “common” and “cell-specific” kidney cell pathways and molecules that may be good therapeutic and biomarker targets.

Single-nucleus and single-cell RNA sequencing plus spatial profiling with four methods of core biopsies from 60 patients with metastatic breast cancer reveal patient-specific gene expression programs of breast cancer metastases that are maintained across time, site of metastasis and spatial profiling method, with spatial phenotypes correlating with microenvironmental features.

A pangenome analysis of 76 wild and domesticated barley accessions in combination with short-read sequence data of 1,315 barley genotypes indicates that allelic diversity at structurally complex loci may have helped crop plants to adapt to agricultural ecosystems.

PENSIEVE-AI is a drawing-based, digital cognitive test that can be self-administered in <5 min. It matches traditional tests in detecting cognitive impairment and dementia, offering promise for early detection in literacy-diverse populations.

Phenotypic selection analysis is used to estimate the type and strength of selection that acts on more than 15,000 transcripts in rice (Oryza sativa), which provides insight into the adaptive evolutionary role of selection on gene expression.

The identification of mRNA targets for RNA binding proteins (RBP) in stem cells is difficult due to the limited number of available cells. Here, as a proof-of-principle, the authors adapt the HyperTRIBE method to find that an RBP, MSI2, has increased RNA binding in leukemic compared with normal stem cells for selective regulation of oncogenic genes.

Light-responsive smart materials hold promise for a solution to water desalination. Here the authors report an adsorbent based on a metal–organic framework that quickly adsorbs multiple ions from water in the dark, followed by release of these salts on exposure to sunlight.