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Stoldt, Maass, and colleagues present a study where smFISH is combined with STED and MINFLUX microscopy to map mitochondrial mRNA at nanometre resolution, enabling the exploration of the structural folding and distribution of mRNAs within mitochondria.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

A stimulated-emission-depletion-based fluorescence localization and super-resolution microscopy concept that is capable of attaining a spatial resolution down at the size scale of the fluorophores themselves and a localization precision of 1–3 nm in standard deviation is reported.

Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging provides 3D images of biological specimens via blinking fluorophores. Geissbuehler et al. present a multiplexed version of this method that captures images at multiple focal planes simultaneously, reducing the acquisition time compared with standard approaches.

The current reversibly switchable fluorescent proteins (RSFPs) can not be multiplexed. Jakobs and colleagues create two RSFPs with novel switching characteristics that can be used simultaneously in fluorescence microscopy experiments using only one detection color.

Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy allows images to be captured at a subdiffraction resolution. Here optimal transport colocalization is proposed for analyzing macromolecule distributions in high-resolution STED images.

Super-resolution microscopy using wavelengths in the near infrared (NIR) optical window is particularly appealing for live cell and tissue imaging, yet largely unexplored. Here the authors present NIR-STED nanoscopy of living mammalian cells using the new bacteriophytochrome-based fluorescent protein SNIFP.

Lange, Ratz, et al. investigate the number and distribution of human prohibitin complexes in the mitochondrial inner membrane, uncovering their bell-shaped structure and assembly of alternating PHB1 and PHB2 molecules.

A simple yet powerful super-resolution imaging approach based on switching off ordinary fluorophores and localizing those remaining or regaining fluorescence is illustrated using continuous widefield illumination and imaging of fixed and living cells labeled with rhodamine-derived dyes or fluorescent proteins. Biteen et al., also in this issue, describe related work using the ordinary fluorophore of EYFP for super-resolution imaging.

Two incoherently superimposed orthogonal standing waves are used to create a pattern of 116,000 'doughnuts' for fast, highly parallelized coordinate-targeted super-resolution microscopy of living cells, with a large field of view.

A dynamic model of the 4Pi point spread function enables localization microscopy with exceptional three-dimensional resolution and a simpler optical design. 4Pi-STORM images of neurons and mitochondria reveal new details of nanoscale protein and nucleic acid organization.

The TOM and TIM23 complexes facilitate the transport of nuclear-encoded proteins into the mitochondrial matrix. Here, the authors use a stalled client protein to purify the translocation supercomplex and gain insight into the TOM-TIM23 interface and the mechanism of protein handover from the TOM to the TIM23 complex.

A fluorescence microscope relying entirely on focused light allows the generation of spherical focal fluorescence spots much smaller than the wavelength of light. This development, termed isoSTED, overcomes the resolution limitation imposed by the diffraction of light and permits three-dimensional nanoscale imaging inside cells with common fluorophores.

By exploiting a second off state of a reversibly switchable fluorophore, a general approach that can reduce photobleaching and enhance resolution of coordinate-targeted fluorescence nanoscopy has been demonstrated.

Dysfunctions of the mitochondrial OXPHOS system lead to severe human disorders. Here, the authors analyzed a mouse mutant that mimics a mitochondrial disorder patient and find that reactive oxygen species trigger RNA release and inflammatory pathway in liver.

Brakemann et al. present a reversibly photoswitchable fluorescent protein, called Dreiklang, that can be turned on and off at wavelengths distinct from those used for imaging. They show that the protein is advantageous for studying protein dynamics in living cells and for super-resolution imaging.

The surfaces of noble metals possess Shockley states which exhibit Rashba-type spin splitting and spin-momentum locking. Here, the authors use ab initiomethods and photoemission spectroscopy to demonstrate how such Shockley states may be reinterpreted as topologically protected surface states.

The design of photoactivatable fluorophores—which are required for some super-resolution fluorescence microscopy methods—usually relies on light-sensitive protecting groups imparting lipophilicity and generating reactive by-products. Now, it has been shown that by exploiting a unique intramolecular photocyclization, bright and highly photostable fluorophores can be rapidly generated in situ from appropriately substituted 1-alkenyl-3,6-diaminoxanthone precursors.

rsEGFP2 is a reversibly photoswitchable fluorescent protein used in super-resolution light microscopy. Here the authors present the structure of an rsEGFP2 ground-state intermediate after excited state-decay that was obtained by nanosecond time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography at an X-ray free electron laser, and time-resolved absorption spectroscopy measurements complement their structural analysis.

A systematic exploration of MINFLUX nanoscopy with DNA-PAINT labeling leads to improved nanoscopy in fixed cells and MINFLUX imaging with increased multiplexing, as exemplified by three-color imaging of mitochondria in mammalian cells.

Providing detailed structural descriptions of the ultrafast photochemical events that occur in light-sensitive proteins is key to their understanding. Now, excited-state structures in the reversibly switchable fluorescent protein rsEGFP2 have been solved by time-resolved crystallography using an X-ray laser. These structures enabled the design of a mutant with improved photoswitching quantum yields.

Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

Fluorescence nanoscopy enables the optical imaging of cellular components with resolutions at the nanometre scale. With the growing availability of super-resolution microscopes, nanoscopy methods are being increasingly applied. Quantitative, multicolour, live-cell nanoscopy and the corresponding labelling strategies are under continuous development.

Using super-resolution microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy, Stoldt et al. show that mitochondrial transcript translation and OXPHOS complex assembly are spatially partitioned within the mitochondrial membrane.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports the observation of the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair. This process is related to vector-boson scattering and allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports a measurement of the ratio of the decay rates of W bosons to τ leptons and muons, in agreement with universal lepton couplings as postulated in the standard model of particle physics.

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider reports a search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in decays of Z bosons into a τ lepton and an electron or muon of opposite charge.

MultiMatch performs geometry-informed colocalization analysis for multi-color microscopy based on multi-marginal optimal unbalanced transport methodology.

Quantum electrodynamics predicts a rare process in which light is scattered by light. The ATLAS Collaboration reports signs of this elusive effect in the collisions of ultra-relativistic lead ions.

The measurement of the total cross-section of proton–proton collisions is of fundamental importance for particle physics. Here, the first measurement of the inelastic cross-section is presented for proton–proton collisions at an energy of 7 teraelectronvolts using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider.

Ten years after the discovery of the Higgs boson, the ATLAS  experiment at CERN probes its kinematic properties with a significantly larger dataset from 2015–2018 and provides further insights on its interaction with other known particles.

The ‘0.7-anomaly’ — an unexpected feature in the conductance of a quantum point contact — is shown to originate in a smeared van Hove singularity in the local density of states at the bottom of the lowest one-dimensional subband of the point contact.

Exogenous dsRNA controls the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae via stress responses and RNAi. Plant protection improves with dsRNA delivery in chitosan-alginate nanoparticles, offering new possibilities for dsRNA-based pesticides.

Deep learning enables restoration of noisy 2D and 3D STED images for long-term super-resolution imaging.

Ruhlandt et al. report a plasmonic nanocavity-based method to measure absolute values of quantum yield of commonly used fluorescent proteins. The method is calibration-free, does not require knowledge about maturation or potential dark states, and works on minute amounts of sample. Authors are further able to determine lifetime and quantum yield of several fluorescent proteins, which would be a good resource for researchers working with them.