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With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

Observations of the shape, topography, crustal thickness and surface composition of the South Pole–Aitken impact basin on the Moon suggest a southward impact trajectory and the excavation of a discontinuous remnant magma ocean from beneath the crust.

EchoNext, a deep learning model for electrocardiograms trained and validated in diverse health systems, successfully detects many forms of structural heart disease, supporting the potential of artificial intelligence to expand access to heart disease screening at scale.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Together with a companion paper, the generation of a transcriptomic atlas for the mouse lemur and analyses of example cell types establish this animal as a molecularly tractable primate model organism.

Regulatory T cell (T_reg) maintenance and function require IL-2, yet this cytokine is only present in low levels in vivo. In this study, the authors demonstrate that that T_reg use heparanase to access IL-2 bound to heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix of inflamed brain tissue in mice.

A voyage of self-discovery.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes (T2D) identifies more than 600 T2D-associated loci; integrating physiological trait and single-cell chromatin accessibility data at these loci sheds light on heterogeneity within the T2D phenotype.

This study employs a functional genomic approach to identify a synthetic lethal interaction between CDS1 and CDS2 in uveal melanoma and other cancers, which may represent a potential therapeutic target.

Markov, Ren, Senkow and colleagues report that in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, alveolar T cell interferon responses targeting structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins characterized patients who recovered, whereas responses against nonstructural proteins and activation of NF-κB were associated with poor outcomes.

Phylogenomic analysis of 7,923 angiosperm species using a standardized set of 353 nuclear genes produced an angiosperm tree of life dated with 200 fossil calibrations, providing key insights into evolutionary relationships and diversification.

The ability of T cells to migrate is a central component of their functionality and is known to require WNK1 kinase that is linked to the influx of ions into the cell. Here the authors show that T cell migration requires WNK1 mediated ion and water influx to swell the membrane of the leading edge and support actin polymerisation and forward motility.

Bennu comprises components of intra- and extra-Solar System origins. The parent bodies of Bennu, Ryugu and CI chondrites likely formed from a shared but heterogeneous reservoir in the outer parts of the solar protoplanetary disk.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

A large international panel of experts reach consensus on a new standard for reporting settings in psychedelic trials, identifying 30 key non-pharmacological factors to strengthen the rigor of psychedelic research.

Networks of miniaturized magnetoelectric wireless implantable devices can be individually powered and controlled by a single transmitter, show power and transfer data efficiencies that scale with the number of receivers and be used for spinal cord stimulation and cardiac pacing in large animals.

A genome-wide association study including over 76,000 individuals with schizophrenia and over 243,000 control individuals identifies common variant associations at 287 genomic loci, and further fine-mapping analyses highlight the importance of genes involved in synaptic processes.

A new algorithm combined with ultrasound imaging allows for the quantification of kidney quality before transplantation, potentially helping to alleviate global demand for kidney transplantation.

Singlet fission is an important process occurring in solar cells, however the mechanism is not well understood. Here the authors reveal intermediates during singlet fission of a non-conjugated pentacene dimer, developing a single kinetic model to describe the data over seven temporal orders of magnitude at room and cryogenic temperatures.

Questions have arisen as to whether patients with severe COVID-19 disease can generate a T cell response against SARS-CoV-2. Tao Dong and colleagues report that convalescent patients with COVID-19 harbor functional memory CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells that recognize multiple epitopes that span the viral proteome. CD4⁺ T cells predominated the memory response in patients with severe disease, whereas higher proportions of CD8⁺ T cells were found in patients with mild disease.

Aurora, a new large-scale foundation model trained on more than one million hours of diverse geophysical data, outperforms operational forecasts in predicting air quality, ocean wave dynamics, tropical cyclone tracks and high-resolution weather.

The authors combine fossil occurrence data, phylogenies and climatic niche modelling to explore the palaeobiogeography of early pterosaurs and their non-flying close relatives, the lagerpetids.

The study presents a modular DNA origami-based single-molecule nanosensor that separates sensing from the signal output. It achieves high fluorescence resonance energy transfer contrast and enables tuning of the response window for improved sensor specificity, multiplexing and logic sensing.

MRI data from more than 100 studies have been aggregated to yield new insights about brain development and ageing, and create an interactive open resource for comparison of brain structures throughout the human lifespan, including those associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Zeiser and colleagues show that CAR T cell therapy results in upregulation of the TGFβ-activated kinase-1 (TAK1)–NF-κB–p38 MAPK pathway in microglia, causing neurocognitive defects, and find that TAK1 inhibition can reduce immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome.

Together with an accompanying paper presenting a transcriptomic atlas of the mouse lemur, interrogation of the atlas provides a rich body of data to support the use of the organism as a model for primate biology and health.

Antiferromagnets have a variety of attractive features for spintronic devices; they are inherently robust against external magnetic fields, and have fast, terahertz, dynamics. However, terahertz magnons are usually strongly damped. Here, Choe, Lujan and coauthors find that the zone boundary magnons in the AFM insulator CoTiO3 exhibit long lifetimes.

Cytosolic ion gradients in growing pollen tubes are thought to be required for polar growth. Here the authors show that the Arabidopsis plasma membrane H⁺ ATPases, AHA6, AHA8, and AHA9, maintain tip-to-shank proton gradients, oscillations in cytosolic pH and actin organization to enable pollen tube elongation.

Cao et al. show that human amygdala and hippocampus neurons encode visual facial features, bridging perception-driven representations with mnemonic semantic representations.

Genome-wide association analyses of prostate cancer in men from sub-Saharan Africa identify population-specific risk variants and regional differences in effect sizes. Founder effects contribute to continental differences in the genetic architecture of prostate cancer.

Neugebauer et al. show activation of the usually silenced embryonic factor DUX4 by herpesviruses in vitro and in patients, and demonstrate that depletion of DUX4 by nanobody degraders abrogates viral replication.

Data from a variety of sources—including satellite, climate and soil data, as well as field-collected information on plant traits—are pooled and analysed to map the functional diversity of tropical forest canopies globally.

Recently, rich condensed matter physics has emerged from the interplay between band topology and magnetic order. Here, the authors characterize the magnetic Weyl semimetal CeAlGe and find evidence for the role of Weyl fermions in stabilizing the magnetic order above the local transition temperature.

Live birth and an annual life cycle potentially enable access to new ecological niches and subsequent species diversification. Here, Helmstetter et al.build the phylogeny for fish in the order Cyprinodontiformes and find that, though live birth and annualism have each evolved multiple times, only live birth is associated with increased diversification.

Inbreeding depression has been observed in many different species, but in humans a systematic analysis has been difficult so far. Here, analysing more than 1.3 million individuals, the authors show that a genomic inbreeding coefficient (FROH) is associated with disadvantageous outcomes in 32 out of 100 traits tested.

Replacing conventional components with flat optic devices such as flat lenses is desirable for imaging and on-chip integration, but performance has hindered their use. Here, Arbabi et al. report a wavelength-thin, high-contrast transmitarray micro-lens with a 0.57 λfocal spot and 82% focusing efficiency.

Allogenic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) can induce bone marrow fibrosis regression in patients with myelofibrosis (MF) however, the effect on the skeleton is unclear. Here, the authors perform in-depth, longitudinal evaluation of skeletal homeostasis following allo-HSCT in patients with MF using high-resolution imaging and bone biopsy analysis.

Chronic infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to the emergence of viral variants that show reduced susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies in an immunosuppressed individual treated with convalescent plasma.

When molecules collide with atoms or other molecules their quantum mechanical character can lead to the diffraction of matter waves. Making use of advances in molecular beam technology, such diffraction oscillations have now been observed with unprecedented sharpness and angular resolution in the benchmark NO + He, Ne, or Ar systems.

Resting and activated T cell states are established by context-specific regulators and dynamic gene circuits.

Heart failure is a complex syndrome that is associated with many different underlying risk factors. Here, to increase power, the authors jointly analyse cases of heart failure of different aetiologies in a genome-wide association study and identify 11 loci of which ten had not been previously reported.