Search

T-cell–mediated rejection (TCMR) remains a major cause of kidney transplant failure with incompletely understood mechanisms. Here the authors use single-nucleus RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and immunofluorescence to show that injured kidney epithelial cell states associate with poor transplant outcomes after T-cell–mediated rejection.

Various methods have been investigated to locally control atmospheric precipitation. In this study, field experiments show that laser-induced condensation is initiated when the relative humidity exceeds 70%, and that this effect is largely a result of photochemical HNO₃formation.

The interactions between organic particulate matter and water vapour affect climate predictions, yet the mechanisms of these interactions remain unresolved. Here, the authors propose a phase separation mechanism that reconciles the observed hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei activity.

This research quantifies hospital admissions in Shanghai for mental and behavioral disorders linked to humid heat, projecting a 68.2% increase by the 2090s under high greenhouse gas emissions and emphasizing the importance of mitigation strategies to reduce future morbidity burdens.

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) emitted by vegetation influence cloud formation, yet the impact of environmental stresses remains little known. Here, manipulation experiments reveal insect infestation and heat stress are linked to induced VOC and constitutive VOC emissions shifts, respectively.

The analysis of the energy spectrum of 36 million tritium β-decay electrons recorded in 259 measurement days within the last 40 eV below the endpoint challenges the Neutrino-4 claim.

Insects are declining in many regions. Here the authors show that arthropod biomass losses in Jena Experiment and Biodiversity Exploratories time series are driven more by species loss than by species identity and abundance declines, and are mitigated by high plant diversity and low land-use intensity.

Most cyclic conjugated molecules, such as benzene, exhibit two sides. Möbius annulenes, however, with an odd number of 180° twists in their π system, are one-sided and violate the Hückel rule. Now, using a topological trick it is demonstrated that triply twisted systems are not particularly strained and probably easier to synthesize than singly twisted ones.

Single-molecule localization microscopy visualizes individual biological molecules but suffers from sample drift that degrades resolution. Hao Qiu and colleagues present reinforced optical cage systems to readily prevent drift for uncompromised resolution

Half of the reduced visibility due to haze formation in cities in India is attributed to local emission of gas-phase hydrochloric acid from waste-burning and industry, according to measurements of particulate matter and thermodynamic modelling.

Zeiser and colleagues show that CAR T cell therapy results in upregulation of the TGFβ-activated kinase-1 (TAK1)–NF-κB–p38 MAPK pathway in microglia, causing neurocognitive defects, and find that TAK1 inhibition can reduce immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome.

Extinction threatens to erode the Tree of Life. Here, the authors calculate extinction risk for jawed vertebrates, predicting a loss of 86–150 billion years (11–19%) of evolutionary history through the next 50–500 years and indicating that cartilaginous fish, ray-finned fish, and turtles are most at risk from a phylogenetic perspective.

Soil-carbon turnover in the Nile River basin accelerated by an order of magnitude due to post-glacial warming and led to release of CO₂ into the atmosphere. Its temperature sensitivity is higher than expected with implications for future warming.

The first operation of the European X-ray free-electron laser facility accelerator based on superconducting technology is reported. The maximum electron energy is 17.5 GeV. A laser average power of 6 W is achieved at a photon energy of 9.3 keV.

Data collected from more than 2,000 taxa provide an unparalleled opportunity to quantify how extreme wildfires affect biodiversity, revealing that the largest effects on plants and animals were in areas with frequent or recent past fires and within extensively burnt areas.

Through a high-numerical-aperture multimode fibre, real-time manipulation of three-dimensional arrangements of micro-objects and manipulation inside inaccessible cavities are shown. The approach is useful for imaging deep inside living tissues and complex environments.

Quantum electrodynamics predicts a rare process in which light is scattered by light. The ATLAS Collaboration reports signs of this elusive effect in the collisions of ultra-relativistic lead ions.

Proteomics has been advanced by algorithms that can predict different peptide features, but predicting peptide collisional cross sections (CCS) has remained challenging. Here, the authors measure over one million CCS values of tryptic peptides and develop a deep learning model for peptide CCS prediction.

Sea spray aerosols are thought to alter cloud properties in remote ocean regions. Aerosol analyses over four ocean regions reveal that these aerosols represent less than 30% of cloud condensation nuclei in typical marine boundary layer clouds.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports the observation of the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair. This process is related to vector-boson scattering and allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports a measurement of the ratio of the decay rates of W bosons to τ leptons and muons, in agreement with universal lepton couplings as postulated in the standard model of particle physics.

Zebrafish show robust heart regeneration after injury. Here they show that zebrafish cardiomyocytes experience replication stress, which BMP signaling alleviates via a conserved mechanism of replication fork restart, suggesting a potential for anti-aging and regenerative therapies.

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider reports a search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in decays of Z bosons into a τ lepton and an electron or muon of opposite charge.

In this placebo-controlled trial, 10/13 malaria naïve subjects immunized with a simplified regimen of chemoattenuated P. falciparum sporozoites, PfSPZ-CVac, show sterile protection from heterologous malaria challenge. Immunization was well tolerated and induced high levels of anti-PfCSP antibodies.

Ten years after the discovery of the Higgs boson, the ATLAS  experiment at CERN probes its kinematic properties with a significantly larger dataset from 2015–2018 and provides further insights on its interaction with other known particles.

Memory B cells are important for protecting the host from pathogen rechallenge, but their properties and locations remain ill-defined. Here the authors show, using single-cell transcriptomics and repertoire analyses, that mouse spleen and bone marrow host distinct populations of isotype-switched memory B cells to potentially optimize for rapid recall responses.

Matter-wave interferometry of complex molecules is challenging due to difficulties in preparing and detecting molecular beams. Here the authors demonstrate quantum behavior of a polypeptide using matter-wave interference in an all-optical time-domain Talbot-Lau interferometer.

Accumulating evidence suggests that, for some people, major depressive disorder has immunological roots. Here, Manji and colleagues discuss the progress towards immune-based treatments for depression, including which biomarkers might be most useful, as well as potential challenges to this approach.

Genome-wide data from 400 individuals indicate that the initial spread of the Beaker archaeological complex between Iberia and central Europe was propelled by cultural diffusion, but that its spread into Britain involved a large-scale migration that permanently replaced about ninety per cent of the ancestry in the previously resident population.

DeepTaskGen uses deep learning to generate synthetic task-based fMRI maps from resting state data, enabling scalable neuroimaging studies. It preserves individual variation and outperforms benchmarks in biomarker and cognitive prediction.

An advanced proteomics workflow is used to identify 340,000 proteins from 100 taxonomically diverse species, providing a comparative view of proteomes across the evolutionary range.

Correlations in momentum space between hadrons created by ultrarelativistic proton–proton collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider provide insights into the strong interaction, particularly the short-range dynamics of hyperons—baryons that contain strange quarks.

Investigations of individual graphene sheets freely suspended on a microfabricated scaffold in vacuum or in air reveal that the membranes are not perfectly flat, but exhibit an intrinsic waviness, such that the surface normal varies by several degrees, and out-of-plane deformations reach 1 nm.

Particle accelerators based on laser- or electron-driven plasma waves promise compact sources for relativistic electron bunches. Here, Kurz and Heinemann et al. demonstrate a hybrid two-stage configuration, combining the individual features of both accelerating schemes.

Coherent energy transport is key to the operation of the photosynthetic machinery and the successful implementation of molecular electronics; self-assembled supramolecular nanofibres based on carbonyl-bridged triarylamines are now shown to transport singlet excitons over micrometre-scale distances at room temperature.

An artificial transfer hydrogenase, based on the incorporation of a biotinylated iridium-piano-stool complex in streptavidin, is shown to be fully compatible with a range of biocatalysts. The location of the active metal centre inside the protein scaffold efficiently prevents mutual inactivation processes and enables the concurrent interplay with oxidative enzymes.

Heymut Omran, Mary Porter and colleagues identify the nexin link–dynein regulatory complex subunit DRC1 from Chlamydomonas and show that mutations in the human DRC1 homolog CCDC164 cause primary ciliary dyskinesia. Their analyses show that loss of DRC1 results in distinct axonemal defects and altered ciliary beat patterns.

On glacial/interglacial timescales CO₂ might have been sequestered from the atmosphere and stored within the deep ocean. Here, the authors show that an old and CO₂-rich water mass occupied the glacial South Pacific between ∼2,000 and 4,300 m water depth and was influenced by volcanic CO₂from mid-ocean ridges.

A growing number of monoclonal antibodies are being developed for the treatment of malignancies, transplant rejection, autoimmune and other immune disorders; however, they can have severe side effects. Hansel and colleagues consider the mechanisms underlying these effects and strategies to minimize them during preclinical screening and in first-in-human trials.

A luminescent photonic substrate with a controlled angular emission profile is introduced and its ability to generate high-contrast dark-field images of micrometre-sized living organisms is demonstrated using standard optical microscopy equipment.

Recent measurements in the Amazon rainforest indicate missing sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here the authors show that soil microorganisms are a strong, unaccounted source of highly reactive sesquiterpenes, a class of VOCs that can regulate ozone chemistry within the forest canopy.