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Rechargeable Li | |SOCl₂ battery performance is hindered by inadequate catalyst activity at the electrode. Here, authors utilize covalent organic frameworks with aligned pores and tailored chemistry to create localized high concentrations of iodine catalyst, achieving stable high-capacity cycling and good practical pouch cell performance.

Li–S batteries typically rely on static internal modifications. Here, authors apply dynamic external acoustic modulation to create a non-equilibrium entropy-driven electrolyte, enhancing mass transfer and Li-ion desolvation to accelerate sulfur conversion and stabilize lithium negative electrode.

Direct regeneration of spent lithium-ion battery positive electrode materials is hindered by structural disorder and surface degradation. Here, authors use oxidation to reconstruct lithium transport pathways and regenerate dense single-crystal LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ with stable cycling performance.

Host factor that restrain viral propagation offer new anti-RNA virus strategies. Here the authors provide evidence that endonuclease G (ENDOG) is a host anti-viral factor and engineer ENDOG expression on the mitochondrial outer membrane to eliminate viral RNA.

Tracing the origins of lithium dendrite growth remains a critical challenge for lithium metal batteries. Here, the authors introduce an interfacial excess charge distribution factor to understand lithium dendrite growth, guiding the design of an electrolyte that suppresses Li dendrites in practical pouch cells.

Efficient probabilistic computing requires hardware with inherent stochasticity. Here, the authors demonstrate a compact on-chip photonic neuron utilizing a novel SbTe₉ phase-change material to achieve stable, tunable probabilistic firing for Bayesian inference.

Mucosal melanoma is a rare and aggressive subtype which, unlike cutaneous melanoma, shows limited response to immune checkpoint inhibition. Here, the authors report the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) and lenvatinib (multi tyrosine kinase inhibition) in patients with resectable mucosal melanoma, along with exploratory biomarker analysis.

ADAR1, an RNA-editing enzyme, can contribute to immunotherapy resistance by suppressing interferon signaling. This study shows that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) promotes ADAR1 degradation, supporting ATRA combined with PD-L1 blockade as a potential therapeutic strategy.

Chen et al. report a strategy of separating dipping and coating processes for fabricating highly conductive and comprehensive wearable graphene electronic fabrics. This low-cost methodology achieves 200-meter roll mass production, offering a universal platform for next-generation wearable technologies.

Paediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a potentially life-threatening condition in children, understanding the immuno-pathology is of importance. Here the authors employ a high-dimensionality approach to identify dysregulated immune pathways underpinning the condition, and find important differences compared to ARDS in adults.

How co-invading species facilitate one another remains largely unknown. This study shows that facilitation is often asymmetric and increases when co-invading plants differ in competitiveness and their ability to shape microbial communities.

LTBP4 is associated with heart failure (HF), but its specific role remains unclear. Here, the authors show that LTBP4 is upregulated in HF and drives NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cardiomyocytes via promoting NLRP3-NEK7 interaction, thus serving as a potential therapeutic target for HF.

Changhua County, Taiwan launched a hepatitis C elimination initiative which integrates population-based screening and targeted strategies for high-risk groups. Here, the authors evaluate its impacts on hepatitis C virus cascade care and treatment outcomes and compare to a counterfactual scenario without the program.

A randomised trial in metformin-treated type 2 diabetes found once-weekly efsubaglutide improved HbA1c and fasting glucose, reduced weight, and enhanced meal-stimulated insulin secretion with mainly mild GI side effects.

The high demand of soft strain sensors requires solutions to reduce resource waste. Here, the authors propose a machine learning framework that corrects unstable signals in soft strain sensors, making them more accurate, reliable and longer-lasting, and extending their usable lifetime by more than 3,000 times.

Single-cell multi-omics integration across gene expression, protein abundance and chromatin accessibility remains challenging. The authors present scMAGCA, an interpretable framework for integrating these modalities, and apply it to Alzheimer’s disease and kidney cancer to identify disease-associated cell states and biomarkers.

Owing to the lack of precise atomic-level control offered by existing fabrication techniques over the edge structures in bilayer graphene, experimental studies on the edge effects in bilayer graphene structures have so far largely remained unexplored. Here the authors synthesize two fully cove-edged bilayer nanographenes and demonstrate their application in NIR-II bioimaging.

Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Hypoxia-driven dysregulated lactate metabolism is a feature of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), but biological metabzymes and most biomimetic counterparts are ineffective under hypoxic conditions and often yield harmful metabolites. Here, the authors report a biogenic Fe-N-C artificial metabzyme for IDD metabolic therapy that reprograms lactate metabolism and corrects metabolic dysfunction.

Spatial transcriptomics platforms span multicellular to subcellular resolutions but lack methods to reconstruct single-cell transcriptomes across them. Here, the authors introduce STARS, a unified deep learning framework that integrates histology and transcriptomics to infer single-cell gene expression across resolutions.

Protein-based bioplastics suffer from poor mechanical properties, limiting their use. Here, the authors report a coacervation based processing method for maize-derived zein protein which encourages β-sheet formation through shear-induced alignment, leading to high tensile strength films and fibres.

Fu and colleagues present LUNAR, a self-supervised neural-physics method that reconstructs 3D molecular positions and optical aberrations directly from raw microscopy data, enabling calibration-free super-resolution imaging in complex biological samples.

Guan et al. report a molecular regulator to control crystallization kinetics in Sn-based perovskite, resulting in elongated island-like grain structure that regulates charge injection and recombination, enabling NIR-II LEDs with efficiency of 10.7%, peak radiance of 173 W sr-1 m-2, and operational lifetime of 1,378 min.

The arrestin-mediated regulation of signaling through the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlus) is fundamental for synapse function. Here, authors report multiple subtype-dependent arrestin binding modes of the mGlus that account for their differential signaling profiles.

Self-assembled monolayers struggle to uniformly coat textured surfaces, limiting high-efficiency perovskite and silicon tandem solar cells. Du et al. increase surface hydroxyl groups by incorporating carbon into polysilicon, enabling stable monolayer attachment and record device efficiency.

Water electrolysis crucially converts fluctuating renewables to green hydrogen. Here, the authors collaborate architecture modulation of anion exchange membrane and pressure configuration design, realizing compatibly improved electrochemical performance and operational flexibility.

Why hollow porous crystals speed reactions has remained unclear. Real-time imaging in a model metal organic framework shows that hollow particles separate products from reactants, and shell thickness controls this transport and catalytic gain.

The authors leverage the ferroelectric proximity effect of a ferroelectric hybrid perovskite heterostructure to break the in-plane rotational symmetry of WSe2 and brighten the spin-forbidden dark excitons under zero magnetic field conditions.

Three-dimensional spatial coding in the primate brain is poorly understood. Here the authors identified spatially tuned neurons in marmoset frontal cortex and hippocampus during free foraging behavior in a 3D space.

Spindle neurons in the human cortex are morphologically distinct. Here, authors show that they also possess distinctive electrophysiological and transcriptomic features, establishing them as a functionally specialized cell type in the human brain.

This study shows spin-LEDs based on a 2D magnet that emit circularly polarized light with helicity controlled by its magnetic order without the need for external spin injectors, offering a simple, integrable platform for future spin-optoelectronics.

Solitons are ubiquitous phenomena, yet controlling both propagation and localization in thermal fields is challenging. Here, the authors demonstrate thermal and heat solitons in electronically driven thermoelectric metamaterials, based on the interplay of non-Hermitian and thermal features.

Stabilizing metal oxides is a prerequisite for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction. Here, the authors report a La2O3-socketed δ-Bi2O3 heterojunction that impedes Bi2O3 reduction to metallic Bi, achieving high-efficiency formate production in industrial-level electrolyzers.

The substrate surface engineering approach prevents the formation of twin structures, while the elimination of twins greatly enhances carrier mobility and suppresses bipolar conduction, leading to optimized power factor in twin-free Bi₂Te₃ films.

Viral polymerase is essential for the viral replication and transcription. Here, the authors present cryo-EM structures of Ebinur Lake virus polymerase in multiple functional states, elucidating its architecture, inhibitor binding modes, and key regulatory elements of RNA synthesis.

Designing efficient high entropy catalysts is highly desired but remains challenging. Here, the authors report the spin state engineering to develop high-entropy Ruddlesden Popper perovskite oxides for efficient seawater splitting, with the strategy applicable to other high entropy catalysts.

UCl₃-type electrolytes show promise for all-solid-state batteries, yet their structure and Li⁺ transport remain debated. Here, authors reveal foreign cations reside in the amorphous phase, which serve as the dominant Li⁺ pathway yielding enhanced conductivity and low-temperature battery performance.

Chronic stress has been reported to have a role in tumour progression via activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Here, the authors develop a biomimetic nanovesicle for tumour microenvironment specific delivery of the β-adrenergic receptor blocker, propranolol, to enhance pancreatic cancer chemotherapy by disrupting sympathetic nerve-tumour crosstalk under chronic stress exposure

The authors developed biodegradable meta-membranes that regulate the skin microenvironment, self-decontaminate, and maintain high air purification efficiency even under humidity were developed, offering a sustainable solution for personal protective equipment.

Strain-resilient, self-healing conductors are needed for wireless e-skin but usually face a trade-off between conductivity and flexibility. Hou et al. design a polymer-based conductor with ultralow sheet resistance and use it to build a high-performance, self-healing flexible antenna.

CNS injury disrupts neural circuits, with poor regeneration due to HDAC retention and hostile environments. Here, the authors show a nanosystem with LMK-235 that forms electroactive scaffolds and promotes regeneration and enhances synaptic reconnection

Mitochondrial cristae structure is essential for energy production and immune regulation, but therapeutic strategies targeting cristae remodeling are lacking. Here, the authors show that targeting triose phosphate isomerase 1 restores cristae architecture, rewires microglial metabolism, and protects against ischemic stroke.

Ketogenic diet (KD) generates β-hydroxybutyrate metabolites and has been shown to have context-dependent immunomodulatory effects. However, the effects of KD on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are controversial. Here, the authors investigate the pathogenic effects of KD in a preclinical model of DSS-induced colitis and identify a β-HB-Thomasclavelia spiroformis-γδ17 T cell axis that exacerbates inflammation and mucosal damage.

Whilst it is known that host ribosomal protein SA (RPSA) regulates the anti-infection immunity in immune cells, its role in neutrophil migration is yet to be explored. In this work, authors provide mechanistic insight into the impact of RPSA on promoting neutrophil migration via the regulation of olfactomedin 4 (OLFM4), in the context of sepsis.

Low-dose IL-2 therapy has been evaluated for the treatment of numerous autoimmune conditions. This study reports the outcomes of a phase 2, randomised, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of low-dose IL-2 for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

This study shows that the UMOD p.H36Y mutation promotes kidney inflammation by enabling mutant tubular cells to trigger macrophage pyroptosis through the App–Cd74 pathway.

Valine metabolism disruption is linked to heart disease, but the mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show that ACAD8 deficiency drives isobutyryl-CoA accumulation and histone isobutyrylation, increasing chromatin accessibility and gene expression to promote cardiac hypertrophy, while ACAD8 overexpression reverses these effects.

A macrolide resistant Bordetella pertussis lineage (MT28) carrying a high-virulence allele (ptxP3) has been reported as a predominant lineage in China. Here, the authors show that MT28 has enhanced colonization and inflammatory characteristics.

Shunt resistance variation limits organic photovoltaic (OPV) module performance. Here, the author identified mesoscale non-fullerene acceptor agglomerations as major shunt pathways that can be passivated by reverse bias, enabling the smallest OPV-powered IoT nodes to operate at 200 lux.