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Natural genetic variation of photosynthesis is an underexplored resource for plant genetic improvement. Here, the authors find allelic variations of YS1 affect Arabidopsis photosynthesis acclimation using genome-wide association study, reverse genetics, and quantitative complementation approaches.

A multi-model intercomparison using six global agro-economic models explores how ozone reductions arising from climate change mitigation could impact crop yields. Yield changes are projected to 2050, linking reduced ozone to food security and the alleviation of hunger.

Ribosomes drive protein synthesis, but their dynamics are hard to visualize. Here, authors introduce RiboBright, a fluorescent probe that illuminates ribosomes in live and fixed cells, revealing cell-type-specific content, organization, and movement.

This study reports a maturation-dependent requirement for transferrin receptor -mediated iron uptake in pancreatic β-cells, whereby iron deficiency disrupts metabolic integrity and survival in developing cells but not in mature β-cells. The results show iron is a cue for β-cell maturation.

A suite of nontoxic and permeable CarboTag probes in various colors enables live quantitative imaging of a range of plant cell wall characteristics and dynamic, high-resolution mapping of cell wall changes in response to growth or perturbations.

Flexible electronics hold great promise for wearable biomedical sensors. Here, the authors report a pressure sensor composed of gold nanowire-impregnated tissue paper, sandwiched between polydimethylsiloxane sheets, and demonstrate that the design is appropriate for large-area flexible electronics.

Researchers developed a self-driving lab, including automated confocal imaging, that uses machine learning to rapidly map the phase behavior of biomolecular condensates.

The pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae can adapt to diverse microenvironments in the human body. Here, De Bakker et al. study these adaptation responses, showing unusual sugar utilization and identifying FasR as a regulator of membrane composition and heat stress resistance.

Streptococcal S protein activates a peptidoglycan cell wall repair and modification complex to promote resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to lysozyme and LL-37, and increase virulence during infection.

Representative microbial isolates and patient-specific biobanks are crucial for microbiome investigation and management. Here, authors develop laser-assisted microbial culturomics, combining high-throughput, precise bioprinting on diverse media with rapid, non-invasive analyses.

Natural biominerals deposit with precise spatial and temporal control, but such control is difficult to replicate artificially. Here, the authors start, steer, and stop the crystallization of biorelevant minerals by user-defined light patterns.

Plasma from individuals vaccinated with BNT162b2 exhibits 22-fold less neutralization capacity against Omicron (B.1.1.529) than against an ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain but residual neutralization is maintained in those with high levels of neutralization of ancestral virus.

Streptococcus pneumoniae, the causative agent of pneumococcal disease, has become increasingly resistant to fluoroquinolones. Through CRISPRi-seq, the authors identify the role of the LiaFSR operon in resensitizing S. pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones.

Here, Libertini and colleagues devise a computation tool that can analyze whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) data to recover of ∼30% of the lost differential methylation position information. They use COMETgazer and COMETvintage to analyze 13 diffferent methylome data to demonstrate their performance.

Here, the authors report an anaerobic metabolic pathway from the dominant gut butyrogen Anaerostipes, showing several strains of this genus to be capable of producing propionate from dietary myo-inositol that associates with reduced fasting-glucose levels in mice.

Steatohepatitis is a chronic hepatic inflammation associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Here the authors show that intestinal dysbiosis in mice lacking the inflammasome sensor molecule NLRP6 aggravates steatohepatitis and accelerates liver cancer progression, a process that can be delayed by antibiotic treatment.

Precise Notch signaling control is vital for many biological processes. Here, the authors identify the aGPCR Latrophilin to enhance Notch activity in the C. elegans germline stem cell niche involving binding to the Notch ligand LAG-2 via two domains.

Mitsuokella jalaludinii and Anaerostipes rhamnosivorans degrade dietary phytate via synergistic interactions in the gut to produce the beneficial short-chain fatty acid propionate.

The anti-tumour effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors is potentiated by CD137 agonists in preclinical models, but translation of these results to the clinical practice is hampered by toxicity. Authors describe here a human CD137xPD-L1 bispecific antibody with improved anti-cancer activity whilst maintaining low toxicity in non-human primates.

Retroviral integration of DNA into the host genome is a point of no return in the replication cycle but how efficient integration can take place remains unclear. Here the authors demonstrate that consecutive nucleoprotein intermediates are increasingly stable, resulting in a net forward rate.

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-lineages BA.4 and BA.5 raise concerns about potential immune evasion. Here, Khan et al. show that both BA.4 and BA.5 are able to escape immune response induced by prior BA.1 infection, but that this effect is less pronounced in vaccinated individuals.

The spike protein of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 has a higher affinity for ACE2 than Delta, and a marked change in its antigenicity increases Omicron’s evasion of therapeutic and vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies.

Livestock greenhouse gas emissions are key to the sustainability of food systems. A spatially explicit analysis of global livestock supply chains shows large variability of nitrogen use efficiency across species, systems, production intensities and the origin and management of animal feed.

A nanoparticle integrating a fusion protein of apolipoprotein A1 and interleukin-4 and that targets myeloid-cell-rich haematopoietic organs resolves immunoparalysis in ex vivo and in vivo models of sepsis.

Cross-neutralization assays of early variants and the 501Y.V2 variant of SARS-CoV-2 show that plasma from individuals infected with 501Y.V2 effectively neutralizes all variants, indicating that a vaccine that targets 501Y.V2 may also be effective against other SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Ethylene glycol is a monomer of the ubiquitous plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Here, the authors report the discovery of NAD-dependent alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases in the soil bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans for ethylene glycol catabolism.

There is limited data on immune factors contributing to SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance in people living with HIV. Here, the authors show that re-emergence of the neutralizing antibody response may be key to clearing persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection in ART-mediated recovery from immunosuppression in advanced HIV disease.

This protocol describes how to direct differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells in a 3D matrix of collagen I to cultures containing mature alveolar type II and I cells plus airway basal, ciliated, club and neuroendocrine cells.

CRISPRi knockdown of essential genes combined with TnSeq of non-essential genes yields a high-throughput method for bacterial genetic interaction mapping.

Bacterial production of butyrate in the gut is associated with a healthy colon. Here the authors isolate an Intestinimonasstrain from the human gut that can produce butyrate from lysine and fructoselysine, a potentially harmful compound formed in heated foods.

Here the authors provide a detailed virological analysis of thirteen postmortem COVID-19 cases, including presence of replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 in extrapulmonary organs and tissue-specific patterns of SARS-CoV-2 genome diversity of an immunocompromised patient.

The emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is driven by inhibitory but non-lethal antibiotic concentrations. Here, Sorg and Veening study the effects of different antibiotics on the pneumococcus, with a focus on inhibition dynamics, metabolic activity and processes at the single-cell level.

Structural, enzymatic and cellular target engagement studies reveal the mechanism of action by N-hydroxyurea small molecule inhibitors of the DNA repair enzyme, human flap endonuclease-1 (FEN1) that prevent cleavage of DNA flaps in cancer cells.

Aberrant expression of fucosylated glycans has been linked to several disease states. Control of fucose expression on live cells is needed to aid research and therapy development. Here the authors report on the development of a class of fucosylation metabolic prodrug inhibitors and demonstrated inhibition of cellular fucosylation.

Emissions abatement efforts in the agriculture, forestry and land-use sector are vital to achieve climate change mitigation targets, but their effects on food security remain poorly understood. Using six global agroeconomic models, this study explores how afforestation, bioenergy and non-CO₂ emissions reductions could impact agricultural prices and the risk of hunger under different scenarios.

Results from the randomized, noncomparative, phase 2 MATISSE trial show that ultra-short neoadjuvant therapy with ipilimumab and nivolumab can prevent surgery and radiotherapy in patients with resectable cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, with an early decrease in total lesion glycolysis by [¹⁸F]FDG-PET/CT associated with response.

Oil palm production in Indonesia has expanded by converting more natural ecosystems to agricultural ones. This study finds large yield gaps among large and smallholder farms there, suggesting improved management could increase production while sparing fragile ecosystems.

To promote the recovery of the currently declining global trends in terrestrial biodiversity, increases in both the extent of land under conservation management and the sustainability of the global food system from farm to fork are required.

The understanding of liquid-liquid phase separation is crucial to cell biology and benefits from cell-mimicking in vitro assays. Here, the authors develop a microfluidic platform to study coacervate formation inside liposomes and show the potential of these hybrid systems to create synthetic cells.

On the basis of encouraging preclinical activity, an anti-CEACAM5 antibody–drug conjugate with a topoisomerase 1 inhibitor payload is being tested in an ongoing phase 1 trial where recommended doses for further testing have been identified and an unconfirmed overall response rate of 15% was observed in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

A new pathway for the processing of β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) is described in which η-secretase activity, in part mediated by the MT5-MMP metalloproteinase, cleaves APP, and further processing by ADAM10 and BACE1 generates proteolytic fragments capable of inhibiting long-term potentiation in the hippocampus.

Bacterial genome-wide gene fitness is assessed by CRISPRi-seq. The procedure includes a pipeline for single-guide RNA library design, workflows for pooled CRISPRi library construction, growth assays, sequencing and read analysis fitness quantification.

Nanoparticle drug formulations are currently used as cancer treatment but the response in patients is highly variable. Here, the authors developed a Zirconium-89 nanoreporter able to predict using PET, therapeutic accumulation and efficacy of anti-cancer nanoparticle drug formulations when co-injected in a murine breast cancer model.

Mucosal sialoglycans contribute to host–microbe interactions at mucosal surfaces and impact bacterial colonization of the digestive system. Here the authors identify and characterize an intramolecular trans-sialidase produced by the gut bacterium R. gnavusATCC 29149 that may contribute to adaptation to the mucosal environment.

A protocol for the directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into distal lung organoids that can be used to model interstitial lung disease, viral infection and human lung development, along with procedures for their analysis.