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Structural variations in gastric cancer impact progression. Here, the authors perform whole-genome sequencing on 168 gastric cancer patients and identified tandem-duplications of super-enhancer ZFP36L2 in 10% of gastric cancer, and mutational signatures in tumors with cadherin 1 mutations that associated with poor prognoses.

While the promise of low metal utilization has brought single-atom catalysts (SACs) into the spotlight, intrinsic limits in reactivity still restrict their application to a small set of reactions. Here, the authors expand the repertoire of SAC transformations with a nitrogen-doped, carbon-supported, Ru single-atom catalyst that exploits the effect of peripheral N species to promote propane dehydrogenation.

The evolutionary genetics of a keystone savannah species the blue wildebeest, and the related black wildebeest, remain largely unexplored. This study finds evidence for archaic introgression of black wildebeest to blue wildebeest and detrimental effects of human activities on migratory populations.

Currently, there is limited understanding of the molecular subtypes of fumarate hydratase (FH)-deficient renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Here, the authors employ integrated genomics and transcriptomics to develop a CpG site-specific methylation signature for the identification of FH-deficient RCC, and to identify three distinct molecular subtypes for this rare but highly lethal kidney cancer.

Currently available mitochondria-targeted fluorescent dyes emit only one color in the visible or NIR-I and their applications are limited. Here, the authors develop upconversion mitochondria-targeted NIR-II fluorophores for synchronous upconversion-mitochondria-targeted cell imaging, in vivo NIR-II osteosarcoma imaging and photothermal efficiency

A deep learning algorithm shows promising performance in predicting progression to diabetic retinopathy in patients, up to 5 years in advance, potentially providing support for medical treatment decisions and indications for personalized screening frequency in a real-world cohort.

Oncogenic exosomes can circulate in the blood, but their selective removal has not been possible. Here the authors show that aptamer-functionalised mesoporous silica nanoparticles can find to a specific population of circulating exosomes and eliminate them via the hepatobiliary route.

Here, a draft sequence of the giant panda genome is assembled using next-generation sequencing technology alone. Genome analysis reveals a low divergence rate in comparison with dog and human genomes and insights into panda-specific traits; for example, the giant panda's bamboo diet may be more dependent on its gut microbiome than its own genetic composition.

Toxocara canis is a zoonotic parasite of major worldwide socioeconomic importance. Here, the authors sequence the genome and transcriptome of T. canis, and highlight potential mechanisms involved in development and host–parasite interactions that could support the pursuit of new drug interventions.

Excitons play an important role in the optical properties of 2D semiconductors, but their spatial characterization is usually constrained by the diffraction limit. Here, the authors report near-field optical spectroscopy of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides with 20 nm resolution, revealing their spatially dependent excitonic spectra and complex dielectric function.

Viral tracers play a crucial role in studying neural circuits, but current options are limited in areas like retrograde transduction and astrocytic tropism. Here, the authors demonstrate that AAV11 function as a powerful retrograde viral tracer allowing for analyzing circuit connectivity and shows superior astrocytic tropism compared to the commonly used AAV vectors.

Primary biliary cholangitis is an autoimmune liver disease. Here, the authors show that variants in interleukin genes which potentially deregulate their expression are associated with this condition, and suggest that the IL21 signalling pathway may have a role in disease aetiology.

Pressure-induced changes in the magnetic order of bilayer and trilayer van der Waals crystals are revealed and attributed to changes in the stacking arrangement.

Inch-sized bulk lanthanide oxychloride single crystals and single-crystalline thin films with thickness down to the monolayer are synthesized through flux-enabled oriented attachment, providing a library of van der Waals materials with interesting dielectric and quantum properties.

Results from a high-resolution ocean-bottom seismometer experiment at the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel Ridge show unexpected highly variable crustal thickness and a relatively large average value, which can be explained by an active mantle upwelling model.

The authors show that the presence of strong ocean internal tides in the South China Sea suppresses tropical cyclone intensification, mitigating their impacts on the highly populated surrounding regions.

The structure and function of polymerase dimers of non-segmented, negative-strand RNA viruses are poorly understood. Here, this study presents the structural basis for dimerization of a paramyxovirus L–P polymerase and its role in genome replication.

Developing stable single-atom catalysts (SACs) with a high metal loading remains a challenge due to the difficulty of creating high densities of defects on support materials. Here the authors prepare Pt SACs with high Pt loadings by virtue of strong covalent metal-support interaction, rather than support defects.

Rhomboid proteins are involved in human cancer progression. Here, the authors show that RHBDD1, a rhomboid intramembrane serine protease, promotes tumor growth in colorectal cancer via cleavage and secretion of TGFα, and activation of the EGFR/Raf/MEK/ERK signalling pathway.

Few-nanometre-thick flakes of trigonal and monoclinic Cr₅Te₈ can be grown using chemical vapour deposition, with the monoclinic phase exhibiting an anomalous Hall conductivity of 650 Ω^–1 cm^–1 and anomalous Hall angle of 5%.

DNMT3L, a regulatory factor related in sequence to DNA methyltransferases, is shown to interact with the N terminus of histone H3 and this interaction is inhibited by methylation at lysine 4. This suggests DNMT3L could respond to states of histone modification to regulate de novo DNA methylation.

Understanding transcriptional responses to chemical perturbations is crucial for drug discovery. Here, authors present PRnet, a deep generative model that predicts gene responses to novel chemical perturbations, enabling in-silico drug screening and the identification of candidate compounds for various diseases.

There is a critical crack thickness in the production of thin films. Here, the authors utilize the surface tension of the liquid to eliminate the stresses within the film and produce ceramic layers with a controllable thickness and shape.

A type II supernova (SN 2023ixf) was observed in the galaxy M101 at a distance of 6.85  ±  0.15 Mpc, at about 1.0  h after the explosion.

Mechanism-based small-molecule inhibitors targeting a gut microbial enzyme lower circulating levels of the prothrombotic metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide and suppress diet-induced thrombosis in mice.

Bioluminescence imaging of neuronal activity is desired. Here the authors report a luciferase prosubstrate activatable in vivo by nonspecific esterase and engineer a bioluminescent indicator with responsiveness to calcium ions: integration of these components enabled imaging of neuronal activity in mice.

This study reports a fundamentally new and commercially promising chemical looping ammonia oxidation scheme using an inexpensive transition metal oxide, and provides mechanistic insight into the oxygen species governing ammonia oxidation.

Genotype and exome sequencing of 150,000 participants and whole-genome sequencing of 9,950 selected individuals recruited into the Mexico City Prospective Study constitute a valuable, publicly available resource of non-European sequencing data.

Observation of a high-pressure insulating state in cuprate superconductors provides a fresh challenge for understanding the mechanism of superconductivity in these materials.

Understanding the reaction mechanism of electrochemical nitrate reduction is critical but challenging. Here, the authors use Ni(OH)₂ as a model catalyst to investigate an OH cycle mechanism and activate the catalyst interface through plasma-induced surface vacancies, resulting in nearly 100% Faradaic efficiency.

Genomic studies often lack representation from diverse populations, limiting equitable insights. Here, the authors show that the BIG Initiative captures extensive genetic diversity and reveals ancestry-linked health disparities in a community-based Mid-South cohort.

The sequencing and assembly of the highly polymorphic oyster genome through a combination of short reads and fosmid pooling, complemented with extensive transcriptome analysis of development and stress response and proteome analysis of the shell, provides new insight into oyster biology and adaptation to a highly changeable environment.

Layered double hydroxides are promising candidates for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction yet their catalytic stability needs to be further improved. Here, the authors use trimesic acid anchoring to stabilize nickel-iron layered hydroxides for water oxidation with enhanced stability.

Biomarkers in biofluids are widely used for medical diagnosis, but their use is limited by accessibility. Here the authors present a stretchable wearable sensor allowing in situ detection of solid-state biomarkers on human skin, hence avoiding biofluid acquisition.

Small cell cervical carcinoma (SCCC) is a rare but aggressive malignancy. Here, the authors report human papillomavirus features and genomic landscape in SCCC via high-throughput sequencing methods and identify MYC, SOX, NR4A, ANKRD and CEA family genes as HPV-integrated hotspots.

Developing low-temperature solution epitaxy and elucidating its underlying mechanisms is highly desired for low-cost fabrication of single-crystal ferroelectric films. Here, the authors show that a polarization screening between ferroelectrics and substrates can tailor the interface energy and drive the solution epitaxy of polarization-gradient ferroelectric oxide films, demonstrating a remarkable photovoltaic effect.

Previous work has reported an axion insulator state in a layered topological antiferromagnet MnBi₂Te₄ evidenced by a zero Hall plateau. Here, in addition to the zero Hall plateau, the authors identify edge states in transport measurements at zero field which challenge the axion insulator interpretation.

Transport measurements between a normal conductor and superconductor show that in this case, the Coulomb drag response can be much larger than that between two normal conductors.

T_H2 cells are important for allergic and antiparasitic responses. Sun and colleagues demonstrate highly selective expression of the ECM1 protein in T_H2 cells and a key role for it in regulating migration.

Jun Wang and colleagues report the genome sequence of the cucumber. The cucumber genome is the seventh plant genome sequence to be reported and was assembled with a combination of traditional Sanger and next-generation sequencing methods.

Genome-wide analyses identify variants associated with sinus node dysfunction, distal conduction disease and pacemaker implantation, implicating ion channel function, cardiac developmental programs and sarcomeric structure in bradyarrhythmia susceptibility.

The drug AT-527 targets the SARS-CoV-2 replication machinery. Here the authors use Cryo-EM to show how AT-527 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 polymerase by acting as an immediate RNA chain terminator and stably binding in a NiRAN active-site pocket; impeding an essential nucleotide-transfer activity.

Aminoacyl-tRNA-synthase–tRNA pairs specific for the desired unnatural amino acids can read through a nonsense mutation in the dystrophin gene, and partially restore muscle function in mice.

Microporous materials such as zeolites are widely used in separation and catalytic applications. A thermally stable family of zeolites with chiral and achiral structures built from the same layer is now reported.

Graphite is a vital component of lithium-ion batteries, but it is challenged by supply-chain vulnerabilities and sustainability issues. This Perspective explores innovative synthesis and recycling methods, emphasizing the need for supportive policy frameworks to enable an economically viable and environmentally responsible graphite economy.

The connection between Mars’s global magnetospheric current systems and its ionosphere is still not well-defined. Here, the authors show a map of the magnetic fields and ionospheric currents of Mars, revealing two ionospheric currents that are driven by the solar wind and atmospheric neutral winds.