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This study delineates lifespan changes in the sensorimotor-association gradient using multimodal neuroimaging data from 33,247 participants, revealing a pattern aligned with evolutionary, structural, and cognitive hierarchies within a unified neurodevelopmental framework.

In Brazil, reducing income inequality is projected to improve nutritional quality and limits long-term environmental impacts, despite a short-term rise in environmental pressures, according to an analysis that uses individual dietary data and scenario modeling.

A method involving class-associated manifold learning allows the logic underlying black-box medical AI models to be intuitively explained to accurately clarify the behaviour of medical AI models and improve medical knowledge discovery.

A simple and clinically practical strategy using intravenous immunoglobulin before nanoparticle injection to prevent immune clearance and enhance the therapeutic effect of polyethylene-glycol-coated nanoparticles.

DNA-sequencing data from primary tumours and paired metastases from participants in the TRACERx lung study and PEACE autopsy programme are used to analyse the metastatic diversity of advanced non-small cell lung cancer and the seeding patterns that underpin it.

Sulcal morphometric remodeling during childhood and adolescence, characterized by cortical thinning and widening, predicts cognitive gains in working memory and attention, with gene enrichment linking these changes to synaptic processes.

Polarons play a crucial role in determining the (photo)electrocatalytic activity of semiconductors. Here, the authors report a reversible, potential-driven method to generate Ti³⁺ polarons on TiO₂, creating dynamic active sites that break the adsorption-potential linearity and boost hydrogen evolution.

In large prospectively enrolled validation cohorts of patients with cancer and controls and a prospective study of asymptomatic individuals with average risk for cancer, a multicancer early detection test based on plasma cell-free DNA genomics and fragmentomics showed encouraging accuracy in identifying ongoing disease as well as the tissue of origin.

Genome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in approximately 260,000 Japanese individuals combined with a newly constructed Japanese-specific genotype reference panel identify hundreds of new loci and putative causal variants for 63 quantitative traits.

Analyzing genetic data from over 210,000 Japanese individuals, the authors uncover 19 novel heart failure risk loci and develop a genetic score to predict those at high risk, revealing shared and ancestry-specific genetic bases across different populations.

Integrated multi-omic analyses using samples from the TRACERx study highlight cross-talk between DNA hypermethylation and genomic lesions in non-small cell lung cancer.

Phase separation is essential for various physiological processes. Feng et al. propose PSMutPred, a machine learning approach to predict impacts of missense mutations on phase separation and aid in understanding the pathogenesis of disease variants.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study for age at menarche followed by fine mapping and downstream analysis implicates 665 pubertal timing genes, such as the G-protein-coupled receptor 83 (GPR83) and other genes expressed in the ovaries involved in the DNA damage response.

ctDNA has been shown to identify minimal residual disease (MRD) and is thus dynamically monitored in different types of tumours. Here, the authors show that serial longitudinal ctDNA analysis can be used as a tool to detect MRD, inform the use of adjuvant therapy, and predict recurrence risk in lung cancer.

Dietary transitions offer health and environmental benefits, but their challenges are often overlooked. This study uses an integrated assessment model to explore country-specific opportunities and challenges before and after the transition.

Deubiquitinases (DUBs) are key signaling enzymes, many of which lack selective inhibitors. Chan et al. pair a DUB-focused covalent library to mass spectrometry activity-based protein profiling, leading to selective hits against 23 endogenous DUBs and a first-in-class VCPIP1 probe with nanomolar potency.

Wang and colleagues describe the design and characterization of lipidated nanophotosensitizers, promoting photodynamic suppression of primary tumor growth and inhibition of metastasis by disabling tumor extracellular vesicles.

Stabilizing non-trivial magnetic spin textures at room temperature remains challenging. Here, the authors propose introducing magnetic atoms into the van der Waals gap of 2D magnets Fe₃GaTe₂ to stabilize the magnetic spin textures beyond skyrmion.

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loss of heterozygosity, allele-specific mutation and measurement of expression and repression (MHC Hammer) detects disruption to human leukocyte antigens due to mutations, loss of heterogeneity, altered gene expression or alternative splicing. Applied to lung and breast cancer datasets, the tool shows that these aberrations are common across cancer and can have clinical implications.

The efficiency of organic solar cells may be increased by the incorporation of materials capable of singlet fission. Here, Tritsch and colleagues identify strategies to enhance the extraction of multiple excitons from the desirable singlet fission process.

Emerging evidence suggests that exit from pluripotency is a regulated, rather than passive process. Here the authors identify a requirement for SS18-mediated Brg/Brahma-associated factors (BAF) chromatin remodeling complex assembly during exit from pluripotency, and that SS18 promotes BAF assembly through liquidliquid phase separation.

Immune lymphocyte estimation from nucleotide sequencing (ImmuneLENS) infers B cell and T cell fractions from whole-genome sequencing data. Applied to the 100,000 Genomes Project datasets, circulating T cell fraction provides sex-dependent and prognostic insights in patients.

The burden of mosaic chromosomal alterations in blood-derived DNA, a type of clonal hematopoiesis, is associated with an increased risk for diverse types of infections, including sepsis and pneumonia.

Molecular systems with rigid macrocyclic backbones self-assemble into synthetic nanopores that mimic the mass-transport characteristics of biological channels. Zhouet al. produce self-assembling hydrophobic nanopores that mediate highly selective transmembrane ion transport and highly efficient transmembrane water permeability.

UTX is a tumor suppressor gene located on the X-chromosome so it could potentially contribute to the cancer gender bias. Here the authors, using a mouse model of B cell lymphoma, show that UTX is a dosage sensitive tumor suppressor and may be responsible for some of the increased incidence and possibly aggressiveness of male cancers that harbour UTX mutations.

Ji et al. report that under basal conditions the SEL1L–HRD1 complex for endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation ubiquitinates and negatively regulates STING protein levels in the endoplasmic reticulum, hence its activation.

Swanton and colleagues present a clonal expression signature, ORACLE, which, in combination with clinicopathological and molecular risk factors, can predict survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and they prospectively validate its prognostic value.

Yuan and colleagues developed an artificial intelligence-based method to derive growth patterns and morphological features from hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides of lung adenocarcinoma samples, for improved tumor grading and patient prognostication.

Single isolated magnetic skyrmions can be electrically written and deleted at room temperature in a magnetic device with a technologically relevant stripline geometry, a process that can be directly observed using time-resolved X-ray pump–probe measurements.

Patient-derived xenografts are important tools for cancer drug development. Here, the authors develop models from 22 non-small cell lung cancer patients. They show genomic differences between models created from different spatial regions of tumours and a bottleneck on model establishment.

Mixed responses to targeted therapy within a patient are a clinical challenge. Here the authors show that TP53 loss-of-function cooperates with whole genome doubling which increases chromosomal instability. This leads to greater cellular diversity and multiple routes of resistance, which in turn promotes mixed responses to treatment.

Combination of epidemiology, preclinical models and ultradeep DNA profiling of clinical cohorts unpicks the inflammatory mechanism by which air pollution promotes lung cancer

Analyses of multiregional tumour samples from 421 patients with non-small cell lung cancer prospectively enrolled to the TRACERx study reveal determinants of tumour evolution and relationships between intratumour heterogeneity and clinical outcome.

Results of the TRACERx study shed new light into the association between body composition and body weight with survival in individuals with non-small cell lung cancer, and delineate potential biological processes and mediators contributing to the development of cancer-associated cachexia.

Computational and machine-learning approaches that integrate genomic and transcriptomic variation from paired primary and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer samples from the TRACERx cohort reveal the role of transcriptional events in tumour evolution.

Measurements of subclonal expansion of ctDNA in the plasma before surgery may enable the prediction of future metastatic subclones, offering the possibility for early intervention in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.

In lung adenocarcinoma, antibodies against endogenous retroviruses promote anti-tumour activity, and expression of endogenous retroviruses can predict outcomes of immunotherapy.

In patients with Parkinson disease (PD), the motor response to dopamine replacement therapy comprises an acute improvement in motor function, followed by the 'long-duration response' (LDR), in which motor improvements develop over weeks. Kang and colleagues review evidence to suggest that the LDR involves dopamine-dependent changes in corticostriatal plasticity, and discuss the implications of this framework for clinical management of PD. The authors argue that aberrant plasticity contributes to motor fluctuations during chronic dopamine replacement, and could be a novel therapeutic target for patients with PD or other basal ganglia disorders.