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Returned farside lunar anorthosites have compositions similar to nearside counterparts and show a 4.41-Ga zircon age, indicating globally comparable magma ocean solidification and constraining the crustal dichotomy to post-magma-ocean reworking.

Clinical success of fecal microbiota transplantation depends on donor microbe engraftment. Here, the authors show that inorganic nitrogen utilization capacity drives gut microbiome remodeling and that boosting this function enhances donor microbe engraftment and improved colitis treatment in mice.

Here they show that NELFA is critical for human naïve pluripotency and can drive cells into an 8C-like state that expresses zygotic genome activation genes, offering valuable insights into early human embryogenesis.

The Authors develop a generalist framework, Temporal Causal Precision Medication (TCPM), which learns treatment-free physiological profiles from clinical data to estimate unbiased treatment effects. Validated in six cohorts, TCPM improves reveals subtypes driving heterogeneous responses.

This study reports real-space, layer-resolved magnetic imaging of the van der Waals antiferromagnet (Fe,Co)₃GaTe₂ using SPLEEM, revealing A-type interlayer coupling, intrinsic chiral spin textures and enabling controlled writing of antiferromagnetic skyrmions.

Global analysis of obesity trends from 1980 to 2024 in 200 countries and territories using data from 4,050 population-based studies reveals that framing obesity as a single global epidemic masks the highly varied dynamics across countries and age groups.

Polymer nanocomposites face a fundamental challenge in simultaneously enhancing strength and toughness, as current methods often compromise one for the other. Here the authors incorporate mechanically interlocked [2]rotaxane units into the interfacial layer of dynamically cross-linked polymer nanocomposites to enhance both strength and toughness.

Glycolysis has long been considered a process restricted exclusively to the cytoplasm. Here, the authors show that a functional glycolytic pathway operates inside mitochondria to maintain organelle health, identifying the VWA8-PHB2-GRP75 complex as a critical regulator that offers a promising therapeutic target for mitochondrial diseases like retinitis pigmentosa.

Precise transcription-repair coordination is required for efficient DSB repair. Here, the authors show that DNA-PK-mediated CRTC2 Ser433 phosphorylation, relocates DNA-PK from transcription to repair complexes and promote NHEJ. Inhibition of CRTC2 sensitizes liver cancer to radioimmunotherapy.

Stabilizing metal oxides is a prerequisite for efficient electrochemical CO2 reduction. Here, the authors report a La2O3-socketed δ-Bi2O3 heterojunction that impedes Bi2O3 reduction to metallic Bi, achieving high-efficiency formate production in industrial-level electrolyzers.

How co-invading species facilitate one another remains largely unknown. This study shows that facilitation is often asymmetric and increases when co-invading plants differ in competitiveness and their ability to shape microbial communities.

The malto-oligosaccharides (MOS) serve as essential primers for starch synthesis in higher plants. Authors demonstrate that two enzymes, PHS1 and DPE1, form a binary complex and coordinately promote MOS synthesis as a key initial step in starch biosynthesis.

Tang et al. demonstrate that disease progression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy is driven not only by dystrophin deficiency but also by ANXA11-mediated failure of regenerative myofiber maturation. Targeting ANXA11 improves muscle regeneration and function in mdx mice.

Authors show that spread of H7 avian influenza viruses is driven by geographic distance and temperature. Anseriformes, or waterfowl, propel long-range dissemination, while Galliformes, or land fowl, facilitate local amplification.

Nonreciprocal magneto-transport is often attributed to Zeeman-driven mechanisms. Here, the authors identify Lorentz skew scattering nonreciprocal magneto-transport in BiTeBr which emerges from the cooperation of classical Lorentz force and quantum skew scattering.

The physiologic roles of the neurotransmission from PVHCRH neurons remain untested. Here, authors show differential roles of glutamate and CRH release from PVHCRH neurons in diet-induced obesity but a permissive role for their release in the HPA axis.

In this study, the authors identify three dominant cerebellar spatiotemporal patterns that preserve structural modularity, integrate whole-brain functional organization, and predict sex as well as cognitive, emotional, alertness, and personality traits.

Development of materials for anticounterfeiting is challenging, with high levels of complexity required. Here, the authors report the development of piezochromic polymer hydrogels with the optical properties from clusteroluminescence effects allowing patterning for physically unclonable functions.

This study examines severe lattice distortions in concentrated solid solutions, enabling an energy landscape that immobilizes vacancies and interstitials which curbs their harmful evolution under irradiation conditions.

The poor understanding of allosteric binding site hinders further development of cannabinoid receptor CB2 allosteric modulators. Here, authors report the cryo-EM structure of CB2in complex with ligands and elucidate the structural basis for the function of positive allosteric modulator Ec21a.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal lung disease driven by aberrant fibroblast activation, but the underlying metabolic changes remain unclear. Here, the authors show that dysregulated branched chain amino acid metabolism promotes lung fibrosis and can be therapeutically targeted.

This study shows that the UMOD p.H36Y mutation promotes kidney inflammation by enabling mutant tubular cells to trigger macrophage pyroptosis through the App–Cd74 pathway.

To directly examine how burst-suppression emerges across large neuronal populations, here authors present a Cortex-wide Optical-electrical Dual-modal Explorer (CODE) system. This integrated optical–electrical recording system reveals how large-scale neuronal ensembles organize burst and suppression activity across the mouse cortex during anesthesia, uncovering coordinated dynamics underlying cortical state transitions.

A new metasurface design method achieves ultra-dispersive metalenses with phase variations exceeding 1200π—a more than 30-fold enhancement over existing approaches—enabling miniature chromatic confocal sensors with 13 mm range and 50 nm resolution.

Skin lesions are common manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here, the authors present a spatial transcriptomic atlas of lesional skin from patients with lupus and identify an acute inflammatory signature in SLE, contrasting with chronic damage in tertiary lymphoid structures in discoid lupus.

Current artificial vision systems suffer from high energy consumption and latency due to the von Neumann bottleneck and separated spatiotemporal processing. Wu et al. propose a vision system achieving native spatiotemporal co-processing with millisecond latency and 95% action recognition accuracy at low computational cost.

Authors report the structural effect of surface terminations on atomic ripple structure in Ti₃C₂T_x MXene, realizing the controllable modulation of electrical behavior.

This work introduces Siamese foundation models tailored for crystal structure prediction. The proposed approach achieves superior performance on downstream benchmarks and in superconductor validation tasks.

The C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II acts as a regulatory platform during the transcription cycle. Here, the authors use a simple tail CTD and reveal how repeating sequence patterns and chemical modifications help switch genes on, advance transcription, and recruit RNA-processing factors.

This work establishes a relationship between the cavity radius of hydrated electrons and PFAS degradation, which shifts focus from PFAS structure to reactive species structures, thus opening an overlooked way to tune advanced reduction processes.

Bioelectric stimulation needs compact implantable power sources. Here, the authors develop a mechanochemically activated CNT/PVA micro-supercapacitor enabling high energy density and sustained intestinal stimulation, promoting internal wound repair

Polymeric nanoparticles are promising non-lipid-based drug delivery vehicles. However, their clinical translation is limited by poor drug loading capacity and suboptimal delivery efficiency. Here, the authors address these issues by developing Polymeric Coacervate Core Micelles that can efficiently self-assemble and load drug candidates via a “Mix-and-Go” approach.

Btg2 suppresses UFMylation of Fmo1, promoting its k48-linked ubiquitination and degradation, thereby restricting taurine synthesis and exacerbating ferroptosis and apoptosis in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Typically, metal additive manufacturing requires costly high vacuum/ultra-pure inert atmospheres to avoid material embrittlement. This alloy design simultaneously boosts a medium-entropy alloy’s strength and ductility through trace oxygen and nitrogen in-situ alloying, eliminating high-purity gas needs.

Immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) contribute to resistance to immune checkpoint blockade. Here, the authors propose BCAT1 to inhibit crotonate-mediated epigenetic reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages, with BCAT1 loss promoting immune escape in hepatocellular carcinoma mouse models.

Mitochondrial cristae structure is essential for energy production and immune regulation, but therapeutic strategies targeting cristae remodeling are lacking. Here, the authors show that targeting triose phosphate isomerase 1 restores cristae architecture, rewires microglial metabolism, and protects against ischemic stroke.

Biomass-based radiative cooling materials face trade-offs between performance, durability, and eco-friendly processes. Here, authors report a high-performance, recyclable cooling biocomposite directly fabricated from wood via an energy-saving method.

Early postoperative recurrence is a major cause of treatment failure in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC). Here, the authors develop Recurrence Stratification and Assessment (RSA), a deep learning model that integrates histopathology with clinical variables to predict postoperative recurrence in LAGC; they also examine the influence of immunological activity in recurrence.

Dead metal severely inhibited the development of alkali metal batteries. Here, authors reactivated dead Na by a reverse-pulse-interspersed charging strategy, which enhanced the rate and cycle capabilities of anode-free battery, and showed wide applicability to various alkali metal batteries.

Optical neural networks (ONNs) are limited by unitary transformations and cumulative loss. Here, authors integrate programmable gain into time-synthetic ONNs to suppress feedback paths, which enables arbitrary complex-valued transformations and stable loss compensation for image classification.

The efficacy and safety of albumin combined with endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke remain unclear. Here, the authors show in a randomized multicenter trial that albumin treatment reduces infarct volume growth compared with placebo without increasing safety risks.

Conversion-type batteries face performance decay under high loading due to shuttle effects and sluggish kinetics. Here, authors introduce an f-d orbital tag-team catalysis mechanism using cerium single-atom catalysts, achieving a competitive iodine loading of 44.7 mg cm⁻² and an areal capacity of 10.2 mAh cm⁻² in zinc–iodine batteries.

Cation migration plays a critical role in the evolution of perovskite electrodes but is not fully understood. Here, the authors combine theory and experiment to show that cation migration coupled with phase segregation forms a highly active nanocomposite electrode.

Capturing RNA-protein interactions is vital for understanding cellular regulation but remains technically challenging. Here, the authors develop CuCLIP-seq, a sensitive, chemical-crosslinking method that accurately identifies diverse RNA substrates, including low-abundance targets.

High-performance perovskite tandem solar cells are limited by uneven, disordered self-assembled monolayer (SAM) acting as hole-selective layers. Luo et al. design a SAM that yields uniform, stable interfaces, reducing non-radiative losses and boosting efficiency and durability

This study presents ECG-LFM, an AI model trained on more than 10 million electrocardiograms to predict cardiovascular diseases and uncover novel genetic markers for heart health.

2D photodetectors hold potential for several applications, but they are normally limited by an intrinsic sensitivity-speed trade-off. Here, the authors report the realization of 2D PdPSe/WSe₂ photodetectors with a monolayer tungsten oxyselenide interlayer, leading to a detectivity up to 3.78 × 10¹⁵ Jones and a bandwidth of 0.055 GHz in the visible range.