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Deep subsurface formations are potential sites for carbon capture and storage but how subsurface microbial communities may respond to this is not clear. Here, Mayumi et al. construct microcosms and show that increasing CO₂partial pressure via carbon capture and storage more than doubles the rate of methanogenesis.

Using biobank data from over 250,000 participants, the authors present a detailed picture of regional and individual variation in the tripartite ancestral structure of modern Japanese populations and demonstrate its impact on elevated body mass index.

The interplay between blood vessel (BV) and epithelial tissue is crucial for organogenesis. Here, the authors co-culture hiPSC-derived liver progenitors on artificial BV to establish functional human bile ducts for modeling congenital biliary disease.

A genome-wide association study highlights a variant in DOCK2, which is common in East Asian populations but rare in Europeans, as a host genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

Autoantibodies against endothelium have been recognized in Takayasu arteritis (TAK). Here the authors identify endothelial protein C receptor and scavenger receptor class B type 1 as major autoantigens in TAK, and find autoantibodies inhibit the negative regulation of endothelial activation.

Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) defend against pathogens in the gut, and their differentiation depends on both diet and microbiota-derived factors. Nakajima et al. show that signalling through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator and STAT3 is required for the development of a subset of IELs.

Degradation of heterogeneous catalysts limits their cost efficiency and sustainability. Here a hydrogenation catalyst that is stable over a hundred cycles of reuse is reported, with stability attributed to the formation of an agglomeration at the palladium/silicon interface.

Atmospheric CO₂ concentration measured across a network of towers in North America shows that continent- and biome-scale measurements of the temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration are lower than have previously been estimated from plot-level studies.

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is highly heritable, yet not well understood from a genetic perspective. Here, the authors perform a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in 34,179 POAG cases, identifying 44 previously unreported risk loci and mapping effects across multiple ethnicities.

The analgesic effect of oxytocin appears to be mediated via an oxytocin receptor and endogenous oxytocin contributes to the anti-nociception and anti-inflammatory response.

Here, the authors perform a genome-wide association study for recurrent pregnancy loss without apparent clinical causes and identify a protective HLA haplotype. They also show that rare predicted loss-of-function variants in CDH11 are associated with risk of recurrent pregnancy loss.

Nuclear import receptors (NIRs) regulate self-association of RNA-binding proteins as phase modifiers, while C9orf72-derived arginine-rich polydipeptides lead to aberrant phase transitions. Here the authors show in molecular basis how arginine-rich poly-dipeptides impede the ability of NIRs, particularly Kapβ2.

The prediction of mortality due to prostate cancer remains challenging. Here, the authors perform trans-ancestry metaanalysis with a focus on binding sites of the androgen receptor and develop a polygenic risk score.

Investigating genetically correlated cancers can enhance our understanding of carcinogenesis. Here, the authors perform Pan-cancer and cross-population GWAS meta-analysis to identify novel cancer risk loci and highlight shared heritability between breast and prostate cancer.

Genome-wide analyses of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging data identify loci associated with right heart structure and function. A polygenic predictor of right ventricular ejection fraction is associated with dilated cardiomyopathy risk.

EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinoma are more frequent in East Asians compared to other populations. Here, the authors carry out a genome-wide association study in EGFRmutant cancers and identify loci that are associated with risk of developing this molecular subtype of cancer.

The burden of mosaic chromosomal alterations in blood-derived DNA, a type of clonal hematopoiesis, is associated with an increased risk for diverse types of infections, including sepsis and pneumonia.

MEGAnE is a new tool to detect and genotype mobile element variants (MEVs) from short-read whole-genome sequencing datasets. Genetic analyses implicate MEVs as population-specific drivers of gene expression variation and disease risk.

PolyPred and PolyPred⁺ methods that leverage fine-mapping and non-European training data significantly improve cross-population polygenic prediction accuracy when applied to diseases and complex traits in UK Biobank populations.

Finding causal variants and genes from GWAS loci results remains a challenge. Here, the authors train a model to predict if a variant affects nearby gene expression, and apply the method to identify new possible causal eQTLs and mechanisms of GWAS loci.

The development of potassium-ion batteries requires cathode materials that can maintain the structural stability during cycling. Here the authors have developed honeycomb-layered tellurates K₂M₂TeO₆ that afford high ionic conductivity and reversible intercalation of large K ions at high voltages.

The two homoeologous subgenomes in the allotetraploid frog Xenopus laevis evolved asymmetrically; one often retained the ancestral state, whereas the other experienced gene loss, deletion, rearrangement and reduced gene expression.

More efficient use of solar energy can help the transition to a sustainable energy system. Here the authors show that a plasmonic CuS/CdS heterostructure can convert infrared radiation to visible light, driving oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, with stable activities for one week.

Natural Killer (NK) cells play a role in suppressing the development of certain subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia as shown by employing Rag2^−/− mice as model system, which lack functional lymphocytes but have hyperactive NK cells.

The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway participates in the regulation of cellular metabolism in liver cancer cells.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of prostate cancer performed in 156,319 cases and 788,443 controls identifies 187 novel risk variants associated with the disease. Genetic risk scores associated with overall risk, and risk of aggressive disease in men of African ancestry.