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Chondrosarcomas are rare cartilaginous neoplasms with limited treatment options. Here this trial evaluates the safety and efficacy of olutasidenib (mIDH1 inhibitor) on 23 patients with locally advanced or metastatic mIDH1 chondrosarcoma.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Limited genomic resources constrain our understanding of fern evolution and conservation. Here, the authors present the genome of Brainea insignis, a monotypic endangered fern, and identify evolutionary signatures to guide conservation strategies from comparative and population genomic analyses.

Variants in the PSMC5 gene impair proteasome function and cellular homeostasis, altering brain development in children. This study reveals underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to this neurodevelopmental phenotype, and suggests therapeutic leads for neurodevelopmental proteasomopathies.

A super-pangenome analysis incorporating 123 newly sequenced bryophyte genomes reveals that bryophytes exhibit a larger number of unique and lineage-specific gene families than vascular plants.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

The study found that the serial interval and incubation period of monkeypox virus Clade Ib are shorter for putative sexual versus non-sexual transmission, indicating that epidemiological context is crucial for developing effective public health policies.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

In this work, authors present a personalized phage therapy regimen targeting Staphylococcus aureus, which led to complete lesion removal, a six-month flare-free period and improved quality-of-life in a Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) patient.

Species’ traits and environmental conditions determine the abundance of tree species across the globe. Here, the authors find that dominant tree species are taller and have softer wood compared to rare species and that these trait differences are more strongly associated with temperature than water availability.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Inventory data from more than 1 million trees across African, Amazonian and Southeast Asian tropical forests suggests that, despite their high diversity, just 1,053 species, representing a consistent ~2.2% of tropical tree species in each region, constitute half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees.

Zhong-Jian Liu, Lai-Qiang Huang, Yi-Bo Luo, Hong-Hwa Chen and Yves Van de Peer report the first genome sequence of a crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plant, the orchid Phalaenopsis equestris. They identify genes encoding CAM pathway enzymes and find that gene duplication was likely a key process in the evolution of CAM photosynthesis.

Chromosome-level genome assemblies of allotetraploid Coffea arabica and representatives of its diploid progenitors, Coffea eugenioides and Coffea canephora, provide insights into Arabica’s diversification history.

Trilayer graphene with the layers consecutively twisted by the same angle is shown to be a platform in which correlated and topological states exist, driven by local lattice relaxations.

Petrels are wide-ranging, highly threatened seabirds that often ingest plastic. This study used tracking data for 7,137 petrels of 77 species to map global exposure risk and compare regions, species, and populations. The results show higher exposure risk for threatened species and stress the need for international cooperation to tackle marine litter.

Wood density is an important plant trait. Data from 1.1 million forest inventory plots and 10,703 tree species show a latitudinal gradient in wood density, with temperature and soil moisture explaining variation at the global scale and disturbance also having a role at the local level.

Analysis of ground-sourced and satellite-derived models reveals a global forest carbon potential of 226 Gt outside agricultural and urban lands, with a difference of only 12% across these modelling approaches.

Currently, there is an urgent need to evaluate the strengths and limitations of various probe-based full transcriptome methods for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissues. Here, the authors analyze three commonly used methods and highlight relative advantages and disadvantages of each method in the context of operational challenges, bioinformatic analyses and biological discoveries.

Black and white fonio are two small indigenous grain cereals grown in West Africa. Here, the authors reveal their independent domestication and cultivation histories through population genetics and demographic history analyses.

Estimates from the Global Dietary Database indicated that 2.2 million new type 2 diabetes and 1.2 million new cardiovascular disease cases were attributable to sugar-sweetened beverages worldwide in 2020, with the highest burdens in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean.

There is interest in encoding of information in complex spin structures present in magnetic systems, such as domain walls. Here, Léveillé et al study the ultrafast dynamics of chiral domain walls, and show the emergence of a transient spin chiral texture at the domain wall.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

Fine-mapping of causal variants and integration of epigenetic and chromatin conformation data identify likely target genes for 150 breast cancer risk regions.

Understanding how copper nanoparticles evolve under electrochemical conditions is crucial for the development of selective CO₂ reduction electrocatalysts. Here the authors prepare well-defined nanocrystals and use advanced operando imaging and spectroscopic techniques to reveal the Cu–CO species-driven dynamic evolution of Cu electrodes.

Breast cancer risk for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers varies depending on other genetic factors. Here, the authors perform a case-only genome-wide association study and highlight novel loci associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers.

Extensive gene loss is a hallmark of rediploidization following polyploidization, but its molecular basis remains unclear. Examining pseudogenization from ancient whole-genome multiplications in angiosperms, this study finds indications that gene loss post-polyploidization primarily takes place via DNA deletion rather than pseudogenization.

A draft genome sequence of the hornwort Anthoceros augustus confirms the phylogenetic relationships among the three clades of bryophytes and provides insight into the unique characteristics of hornworts and their adaptations to live on land.

Digenic inheritance of deleterious variants in serine/arginine protein kinase 3 (SRPK3) and titin (TTN) leads to a progressive early onset skeletal muscle myopathy. Zebrafish double mutants exhibit a similar myopathy phenotype accompanied by myofibrillar disorganization.

Acorales is sister to all other monocots and contains only one family with just one genus, Acorus. Here, the authors assemble the genome of the diploid Ac. gramineus and the tetraploid Ac. calamus, reconstruct an ancestral monocot karyotype and gene toolkit, and discuss the origin and evolution of the two species and other monocots.

Modeling analysis from the Global Dietary Database estimated that 70% of new global cases of type 2 diabetes are attributable to suboptimal intake of 11 dietary factors, with substantial differences in dietary risks across world regions and nations.

Recent estimates of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake are generally unavailable. Here the authors show a global SSBs intake of 2.7 servings/week in 2018 in adults (range: 0.7 South Asia, 7.8 Latin America/Caribbean); intakes were higher among males, younger, more educated, and urban adults.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies across different populations highlights new risk loci and provides a genetic risk score that can stratify prostate cancer risk across ancestries.

Chromosome-scale genome assemblies of triploid Cavendish and Gros Michel reveal the banana cultivars’ origins, disease resistance and fruit ripening mechanism.

The genome of the tropical blue-petal water lily Nymphaea colorata and the transcriptomes from 19 other Nymphaeales species provide insights into the early evolution of angiosperms.

Examining drivers of the latitudinal biodiversity gradient in a global database of local tree species richness, the authors show that co-limitation by multiple environmental and anthropogenic factors causes steeper increases in richness with latitude in tropical versus temperate and boreal zones.

The role of polyploidization generated genomic diversity in shaping the hierarchical genome architecture remains unclear. Here, the authors show that repatterning of the ancestral eudicot genome has resulted in multi-dimensional genome plasticity and secondary metabolite diversification via comparisons of Panax genomes.

New fern transcriptomes reveal repeated whole-genome duplications, unique gene families and distinct lignocellulosic evolution, providing a comprehensive database that underscores the ancient divergence and genetic uniqueness of ferns.

Using screening data on intrinsic capacity (IC) from real-world implementation in primary care of the WHO ICOPE program, de Souto Barreto and Lu et al. developed clinically friendly IC scores and centile values to monitor functional health during aging.

Newly sequenced seagrass genomes unveil a hexaploid ancestry for seagrasses. The transition to marine environments involved fine-tuning of many processes that all had to happen in parallel, probably explaining why adaptation to a marine lifestyle has been rare.

In a post-approval study including more than 17,000 patients on the safety of pulsed field ablation, a new method for treatment of atrial fibrillation, the procedure was found to have a low rate of adverse events but was associated with some unexpected rare complications that will need further study.

In this study, Marlin et al. provide insights into the potential use of subunit vaccines that induce a high level of protection against SARS-CoV-2 in animal models.

Alternative stable states in forests have implications for the biosphere. Here, the authors combine forest biodiversity observations and simulations revealing that leaf types across temperate regions of the NH follow a bimodal distribution suggesting signatures of alternative forest states.

Here, structures of archaeal ribosome show details of ribosomal proteins and leaderless mRNAs binding to the small subunit, suggesting a positive role of eS26 in leaderless mRNAs translation and possible evolutionary routes from archaeal to eukaryotic translation.

Azaleas are one of the most diverse ornamental plants and have cultural and economic importance. Here, the authors report a chromosome-scale genome assembly for the primary ancestor of the azalea cultivar Rhododendro simsi and identify transcription factors that may function in flower coloration at different stages.

Litsea cubeba belongs to the Lauraceae family within the Magnoliids clade. Here, the authors assemble its genome and reveal divergence of inflorescence and sexual differentiation, the phylogenetic relationships across the Lauraceae and related species, and biosynthetic genes related to essential oil synthesis.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of prostate cancer performed in 156,319 cases and 788,443 controls identifies 187 novel risk variants associated with the disease. Genetic risk scores associated with overall risk, and risk of aggressive disease in men of African ancestry.

CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have improved cancer patient outcomes but shown limited benefits for those with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, the authors report that CDK4/6 inhibition prevents CDK4 enhanced mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum interactions, inhibiting mitochondrial apoptosis and driving resistance to CDK4/6i in TNBC models.