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Herpesvirus is an infectious agent belonging to the virus family Herpesviridae that causes latent and lytic infections in a wide range of animals and humans. There are 8 herpesvirus types currently known to infect humans, including Herpes simplex viruses, varicella-zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and human cytomegalovirus.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity exacerbates immune complications in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Here, the authors utilize multi-omics and immune phenotyping data and show that CMV seropositivity induces pro-inflammatory cytokines and further identify FCRL6 as a potential biomarker for immune activation.
In this Review, Otero et al. explore how human herpesviruses evade humoral immune responses and consider the resulting implications for developing effective vaccines and treatments for diseases caused by these common viral pathogens.
Cryogenic-electron tomography within infected cell nuclei reveals a spectrum of herpesvirus capsid assembly intermediates. Vertex-specific structural differences between genome-filled and empty particles clarify capsid assembly within the native cellular environment.
The herpes simplex virus lytic-latent balance is incompletely understood. In this study, the authors show that it is controlled by the relative abundance of host activating and repressive forkhead box (FOX) transcription factors that recruit epigenetic cofactors to the viral genome to remodel viral chromatin.
The antibody Fab5 cross-neutralizes gammaherpesviruses by binding to a conserved region in the membrane fusion protein gB on the virus; this region could form the basis for a herpesvirus vaccine.
Allogeneic T cell therapies could be used in therapeutic applications because of their potential for ‘off-the-shelf’ access and standardised production. Here the authors have developed a multidimensional workflow profiling platform for EBV-specific T cell therapy and show that correlative biomarkers of T cell potency and effector function are associated with therapeutic effectiveness in xenogeneic mouse EBV-LCL models.
Epstein–Barr virus is associated with cancer and implicated in autoimmune diseases. Three studies reveal desmocollin 2 and R9AP as receptors for Epstein–Barr virus infection, highlighting new avenues for targeted therapies.
A newly identified human cytomegalovirus cell entry complex couples the canonical envelope glycoprotein H with UL116 (a mimic of glycoprotein L) to incorporate the immune-evasion molecule UL141 into virions. This complex (named gH-associated tropism and entry (GATE)-3) facilitates infection of endothelial cells and is a promising target for vaccines.
Two recent papers implicate Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) as a trigger for the development of multiple sclerosis and provide mechanistic insights into EBV-mediated development of the disease.
This study provides insights into the neuroinvasive mechanism of neurotropic alphaherpesviruses, which involves viral assimilation and repurposing of a cellular motor protein.
