Volcanic calderas

The cause of episodes of unrest at caldera volcanoes is often unclear. Analysis of the sulfur composition of gas emissions at Campi Flegrei in Italy suggests a magmatic origin of the recent unrest at this hazardous caldera.

Volcanism after large, caldera-forming eruptions is thought to be muted. Exploration of the partially submerged caldera of Santorini reveals that large explosive eruptions have occurred since the caldera formed.

Nyiragongo volcano emits infrasound, a low-pitched, inaudible sound that enables tracking of fissure openings and lava eruptions along the flank, co-occurring with the lava lake drainage, according to an experiment that uses acoustic modeling and source scanning.

Spatial analysis of seismicity within the Campi Flegrei caldera suggests it has become progressively clustered since 2023 around a central plane which is consistent with the development of an extensional volcanotectonic fault

In this study, the authors reconstruct the geometry and magma properties of the dyke that fed the Nisida eruption 3.9 ka ago, located across the rim of the Campi Flegrei caldera in Italy.

An analysis of earthquake source mechanisms and waveform similarity at the Campi Flegrei caldera, suggests very long-period seismicity may indicate a fracture system connecting the centre of volcanic inflation with surface fumaroles and deformation

The magma plumbing system at Campi Flegrei caldera manifests as a low resistivity anomaly at a depth between 8 to 20 kilometers, and is interpreted as a middle-to-lower crustal mush zone with 10% melt, according to 3D modeling based on magnetotelluric data collected over an area of 288 square-kilometers.

The study investigates earthquake magnitude scenarios and seismic risk reduction policies for Campi Flegrei, a densely populated volcanic area in southern Italy, which is undergoing a bradyseism-related crisis in 2024.

Explosive volcanic eruptions of Kīlauea in Hawaii can be explained by sudden subsidence of reservoir roof rock causing gas and lithic debris venting by a mechanism similar to that of a stomp rocket, according to seismic inversions for reservoir pressure changes.

Evidence for a past large explosive eruption within the Santorini caldera suggests that early stages of silicic caldera cycles can be more hazardous than previously assumed, according to analyses of intra-caldera deposits from the Kameni Volcano.

A large shallow submarine explosive eruption of ancestral Santorini Volcano discharged pyroclastic gravity flows that laid down an extensive rhyolitic volcaniclastic deposit, identified in drill cores from the Southern Aegean seafloor

Three-dimensional seismic data is used to reconstruct the flank collapse of Kolombo volcano in 1650, which led to a catastrophic tsunami event.

Unrest at the Campi Flegrei caldera, Italy, is consistent with the start of rupturing below the surface and a possible return to volcanic activity, according to an analysis of ground deformation and seismicity in the region since 1984.

The resistivity structure of Yellowstone Caldera’s crustal magma reservoir indicates that the magma reservoirs are not eruptible at present and that the locus of future volcanism has shifted to northeast Yellowstone Caldera.

Seismic reflection imaging beneath the northeastern Yellowstone caldera reveals a sharp boundary at about 3.8 km depth, which is inferred to result from a mixture of supercritical fluid and magma filling the pore space.