Review Articles

This Review examines the development of gate stack engineering technologies for two-dimensional (2D) transistors, benchmarking key performance metrics for such gate stacks against current silicon-based technologies and exploring the challenges that need to be addressed in order to create advanced electronic technologies based on 2D transistors.

This Review examines the development of ultrasound brain stimulation technologies, from the design of individual transducers to systems that combine ultrasound stimulation with biological monitoring for adaptive closed-loop modulation, as well as future developments needed for safe clinical adoption.

This Review examines the development of haptic and wearable technologies that could be used to build a more realistic and immersive metaverse, exploring the potential applications of such technology and the ethical and technological challenges that the field faces.

This Review examines the development and potential of wearable sensor systems that use multiple physical and chemical sensing modalities to assess human health.

This Review examines the development of van der Waals opto-spintronic devices, highlighting the importance of light–matter interactions in van der Waals magnetic materials and the control of their magnetization via external stimuli, as well as exploring potential opto-spintronic device architectures and applications.

This Review examines the development of electrical reservoir computing, considering the architectures, physical nodes, and input and output layers of the approach, as well as performance benchmarks and the competitiveness of different implementations.

This Review explores the development of ingestible electronics and provides a step-by-step guide for the design of ingestible electronic capsules at the system level.

This Review examines the development of neuromorphic hardware systems based on halide perovskites, considering how devices based on these materials can serve as synapses and neurons, and can be used in neuromorphic computing networks.

This Review examines the development of thin-film transistors for use in displays, sensors, digital circuits and memory, as well as their potential for future application in emerging technologies such as neuromorphic computing.

This Review provides a full-spectrum classification of computing-in-memory technologies by identifying the degree of memory cells participating in the computation as inputs and/or output, creating a platform for comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each of the different technologies.

This Review examines switching mechanisms in memristive devices based on van der Waals materials, and explores the advantages such devices offer and the challenges that must be faced for them to be of use in next-generation electronic and computing applications.

This Review examines the development of cryogenic memory technologies—including non-superconducting memories, superconducting memories and hybrid memories—and their potential application in superconducting single-flux quantum circuits and quantum computers.

This Review examines the use of multidimensional architectures—such as superjunction, multi-channel and multi-gate technologies—in power electronics devices, exploring the performance limits, scaling and material figure of merits of the different architectures.

This Review examines the development of micro light-emitting diodes, exploring key performance characteristics, leading manufacturing approaches and current system demonstrations, as well considering the potential future applications of the technology.

This Review examines the origin of shape-, confinement- and strain-induced effects in electronic materials with nanoscale curved geometries and explores how to exploit these effects in electronic, magnetic and superconducting devices.

This Review examines the development of micro-thermoelectric devices, exploring progress in device design, integration and performance, and the potential applications of the technology in cooling, power generation and sensing.

This Review examines the development of perovskite light-emitting diodes, exploring the key challenges involved in creating efficient and stable devices.

This Review examines the development of smart textiles for application in personalized healthcare, examining the different platform technologies, fabrication strategies and clinical scenarios, as well as the current commercial and regulatory landscape.

This Review examines the scaling prospects of quantum computing systems based on silicon spin technology and how the different layers of such a computer could benefit from using complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology.

This Review examines the development of field-effect transistors based on two-dimensional materials and considers the challenges that need to be addressed for the devices to be incorporated into very large-scale integration (VLSI) technology.