Review Articles

This Review discusses multiomic approaches for the characterization and biological understanding of cellular senescence, including detailed case studies on skeletal muscle and adipose tissue that highlight current outstanding issues in the field.

This Review discusses noncanonical DNA methylation (mCH) in animal genomes and highlights the remaining need to clarify whether mCH represents a conserved regulatory layer or a lineage-specific epigenetic feature with distinct biological roles.

This Review describes the changes that some organisms make to their own DNA sequences, linking many to common genetic mechanisms built around canonical DNA repair and to a set of functional circumstances that often involve host–pathogen conflicts.

Research is moving from a gene- and protein-centric view toward a holistic understanding of cellular phenotypes. This Review discusses the technological microfluidics challenges that must be addressed to realize integrative single-cell phenomics.

This Review discusses recent advances in circular RNA discovery afforded by breakthroughs in sequencing technologies and deep learning-based algorithms and highlights outstanding challenges in integrating large-scale circular RNA datasets.

Latin America and the Caribbean remain largely underrepresented in psychiatric genetics research. This Review highlights the need for more research in these populations to advance genetic insights and ensure equitable precision medicine access.

This Review discusses the various molecular mechanisms underlying the generation of new genes and highlights their important functions and phenotypes with an emphasis on the evolutionary forces underlying natural selection and sexual conflict.

Long-read sequencing technologies have revolutionized genomics and transcriptomics, and more recently enabled comprehensive epigenomic profiling. These advances now also allow investigation of the relationship between chromatin states and transcriptional dynamics.

Pangenomes integrate multiple genomes to mitigate reference bias. This Review presents tools to build, visualize and manipulate pangenome graphs and also highlights pangenome applications in biodiversity and conservation genomics.

Structural variations (SVs) impact gene expression, genome stability and disease susceptibility. This Review discusses recent advances in genome-engineering tools that enable precise SV generation and highlights the challenges that remain.

This review describes evidence of multiple Denisovan populations, each with varying relatedness to Altai Denisovans, that introgressed into modern humans and highlights how introgression influenced human adaptation to a range of environments.

This Review discusses recurrent aneuploidies driving human cancer, methods to identify them and strategies to uncover underlying driver genes. It highlights genomic and experimental approaches to study and ultimately target driver aneuploidies.

This Review discusses gene regulatory networks in plants and their function across evolution and highlights how their manipulation with synthetic biology and gene editing can promote plant productivity in the face of climate change.

This Review explores the challenges and strategies for developing gapless telomere-to-telomere genome assemblies to enhance our understanding of genome organization and improve crops through genome-assisted breeding or gene editing.

This Review discusses emerging technologies and insights from mitochondrial DNA variant profiling obtained by single-cell multi-omics, demonstrating how the powerhouse of the cell may record clonal lineages and contribute to disease heterogeneity.

Genotype × environment interactions are a key mechanism underlying human phenotypic variation and contribute to our understanding of the genetic architecture of human traits, with possible applications in personalized medicine.

This Review explores mechanistic theories of aging, discusses challenges in establishing causality of these mechanisms and suggests that genetically informed investigation will help address this gap.

This Review discusses how embryonic transcriptional programs, such as epithelial–mesenchymal plasticity and stemness, may be harnessed in adult tissues to drive processes and diseases such as regeneration and cancer.

This review discusses major privacy threats relevant to collection and analysis of genomic data in the context of direct-to-consumer applications and provides suggestions for improving the design of privacy-protecting approaches.