Resources

Belderbos and colleagues generate a multimodal single-cell atlas of healthy human bone marrow spanning infancy, adolescence and adulthood.

Patin and colleagues present a mineable Resource database for identifying demographic and genetic factors that impact antiviral antibody repertoires in humans.

Moutsopoulos, Williams and colleagues show oral mucosal barrier tissues exhibit dynamic zonal immune cell environments, including tonic inflammatory features in healthy individuals and development of tertiary lymphoid structures with the potential to support local antibody production in periodontitis.

In this Resource paper the authors provide a multiomic single-cell atlas of mouse eosinophil heterogeneity across various organs and use fate-mapping methods to look at the dynamics of residency.

Cao et al. provide a comprehensive immune landscape of sepsis, delineating anatomical-specific and age-dependent programs.

Peanut oral immunotherapy reshapes T cell responses, suppressing allergy-associated type 2 helper T cells and boosting cytotoxic type 1 helper T cells, offering clues to long-term tolerance.

Grimes and colleagues integrate multiomic features to create a framework that allows the isolation of discrete cell states across hematopoiesis and exploit the underlying gene regulatory networks to identify lineage restriction within multilineage progenitors.

Caielli and colleagues performed single-cell RNA sequencing on blood CD4⁺ T cells from pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and healthy donors, identifying naive, memory, T_reg, proliferative and interferon-stimulated gene-high cell subsets. Follicular and peripheral helper T cells, including T_H10 cells, and cytotoxic memory cell populations were expanded, along with dysfunctional T_reg cells marked by aberrant TLR5 and FCRL3 expression, pointing to links between microbial dysbiosis and impaired immune regulation.

Steele et al. use single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to provide an atlas of adult human skin fibroblasts in healthy and diseased human skin.

Here the authors spatially map human pediatric low-grade gliomas using imaging mass cytometry, focusing on immunosuppressive myeloid cell populations and their functionality in tumor–immune interactions and tumor progression.

Dalit, Tan and colleagues provide a multiomic profile of T follicular helper (T_FH) cells responses to diverse pathogens, revealing a blueprint for transcriptional flexibility and new tools to interrogate T_FH heterogeneity in mice and humans.

Alatrakchi and colleagues profile immune cells from liver and blood obtained from patients with MASLD/MASH using single-cell sequencing. They note increased immunoregulatory programs that correlated with increased fibrogenesis and disease progression.

Wells et al. profile RNA and surface protein expression to describe dominant tissue-specific effects on immune cell composition and function across lineages in the human tissues across age.

Here Ramanan and colleagues provide an analysis of mammary T cells during late pregnancy and lactation. This revealed an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes in the lactating mammary gland, which was driven by thymic and intestinal inputs and was sensitive to changes in the microbiota

In this Resource paper, the authors use MIBI spatial proteomics to map microglial cell states in brains from cognitively normal humans and those with Alzheimer’s disease.

Adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by pathogenic CSF1R mutations. Here the authors find that microglial loss is linked to reduced myelinating oligodendrocytes, an expansion of neuropilin-2⁺ oligodendrocytes and a maladaptive stress response in astrocytes.

Here, the authors use single-cell spatial transcriptomics to profile the airway wall landscape in health and during asthma. Discrete proinflammatory ecosystems containing alarmins, chemokines and a unique combination of stromal cells were identified in healthy individuals, and these were spatially dysregulated in asthma.

Kellner et al. develop respiratory and intestinal organoids from Rousettus aegyptiacus to show elevated basal expression of interferon-ε (IFNε) and IFN-stimulated genes, along with robust, self-amplifying type III IFN responses that drive antiviral defense against zoonotic RNA viruses.

FitzPatrick et al. use single-cell RNA and spatial transcriptomics to dissect the immune microenvironments within the small bowel mucosa in celiac disease.

Gain-of-function variants in the gene encoding NLRP3 lead to constitutive inflammasome activation and excessive IL-1β production. In this resource, authors perform functional screening of clinically relevant NLRP3 variants. Structural analysis suggested multiple mechanisms by which variants activate NLRP3 and the identification of pathogenic variants that can sensitize the activation of NLRP3 in response to nigericin and cold temperature exposure.