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The long-term natural history of long-COVID is not well understood. In this population-based cohort study from Scotland, the authors describe symptom prevalence and health-related quality of life up to 18 months after a positive SARS-CoV-2 test and compare with matched test-negative controls.

Integrated multi-omic analyses using samples from the TRACERx study highlight cross-talk between DNA hypermethylation and genomic lesions in non-small cell lung cancer.

Enhanced Wus2/Bbm expression substantially improves leaf transformation, Cas9-mediated gene dropouts and targeted gene insertion in maize, sorghum and other Poaceae species.

Polesel et al. visualize plasma protein filtration, uptake and metabolism in the kidneys of living mice in real-time. They reveal coordinated activity of different specialized tubular segments, with major compensatory adaptations occurring in disease states.

Determining the prevalence of Long COVID is challenging because many symptoms attributed to the syndrome could have other causes. Here, the authors estimate the prevalence of Long COVID in Scotland by comparing rates of symptoms reported by people with and without history of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) drug discovery has been hampered by patient heterogeneity, and the lack of sensitive tools for precise stratification. Here, the authors show an AI-guided model enhances patient stratification, improving outcomes and increasing efficiency in the AMARANTH trial.

Genetic and testing data from England show that the SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern B.1.1.7 has a transmission advantage over other lineages.

Chronic infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to the emergence of viral variants that show reduced susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies in an immunosuppressed individual treated with convalescent plasma.

Sera from vaccinated individuals and some monoclonal antibodies show a modest reduction in neutralizing activity against the B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2; but the E484K substitution leads to a considerable loss of neutralizing activity.

The Omicron variant evades vaccine-induced neutralization but also fails to form syncytia, shows reduced replication in human lung cells and preferentially uses a TMPRSS2-independent cell entry pathway, which may contribute to enhanced replication in cells of the upper airway. Altered fusion and cell entry characteristics are linked to distinct regions of the Omicron spike protein.

Post-international travel quarantine has been widely implemented to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but the impacts of such policies are unclear. Here, the authors used linked genomic and contact tracing data to assess the impacts of a 14-day quarantine on return to England in summer 2020.

In this study, Aggarwal and colleagues perform prospective sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 isolates derived from asymptomatic student screening and symptomatic testing of students and staff at the University of Cambridge. They identify important factors that contributed to within university transmission and onward spread into the wider community.

A study of the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in England between September 2020 and June 2021 finds that interventions capable of containing previous variants were insufficient to stop the more transmissible Alpha and Delta variants.

The cell adhesion molecule E-selectin regulates haematopoietic stem cell self-renewal in the bone marrow vascular niche. Here, the authors show E-selectin adhesion directly induces survival signaling in acute myeloid leukaemia and therapeutic inhibition improves chemotherapy outcomes in mice.

The kidney tubules have a crucial role in homeostasis as they modify and regulate the kidney filtrate. This Review examines current data on how filtered proteins are processed along the kidney tubule, including evidence from defects in the endo-lysosomal system, and their therapeutic implications.

Here, Franklin et al show that the mycobacterial glycoside hydrolase LamH cleaves lipomannan and lipoarabinomannan from their lipid carrier, facilitating the export of the polysaccharide domain and signalling bacterial growth phase transition.

Circulating tumour DNA profiling in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer can be used to track single-nucleotide variants in plasma to predict lung cancer relapse and identify tumour subclones involved in the metastatic process.

An expanded GWAS of birth weight and subsequent analysis using structural equation modeling and Mendelian randomization decomposes maternal and fetal genetic contributions and causal links between birth weight, blood pressure and glycemic traits.

Immune lymphocyte estimation from nucleotide sequencing (ImmuneLENS) infers B cell and T cell fractions from whole-genome sequencing data. Applied to the 100,000 Genomes Project datasets, circulating T cell fraction provides sex-dependent and prognostic insights in patients.

Soft hair arrays anchored to a substrate are useful for bio-inspired engineering applications. Here, the authors demonstrate a rapid 3D printing technique for creating fine, continuous, biomimetic hair arrays using solvent exchange. Fibers as small as 1.5 µm are printed at high speeds, offering scalability for biomimetic and structural applications.

Swanton and colleagues present a clonal expression signature, ORACLE, which, in combination with clinicopathological and molecular risk factors, can predict survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and they prospectively validate its prognostic value.

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loss of heterozygosity, allele-specific mutation and measurement of expression and repression (MHC Hammer) detects disruption to human leukocyte antigens due to mutations, loss of heterogeneity, altered gene expression or alternative splicing. Applied to lung and breast cancer datasets, the tool shows that these aberrations are common across cancer and can have clinical implications.

This manuscript evaluates forecasts of laboratory-confirmed influenza hospital admissions, a new target for influenza forecasting in the United States. Across two influenza seasons, the FluSight ensemble is robust compared to submitted models.

A recently proposed structure of an N₂-bound Mo-nitrogenase has sparked considerable attention, although the direct evidence for N₂ binding and sulfur mobilization during turnover has remained elusive. Now, additional spectroscopic and kinetic measurements further support this state and provide evidence that belt-sulfur displacement is an essential aspect of the nitrogenase mechanism.

Multiomics analysis of tumor samples from the phase 1b GO30140 and phase 3 IMbrave150 trials reveals baseline immune and genetic features that might identify patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma who will benefit from atezolizumab and bevacizumab combination therapy.

This meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies identifies four genetic loci associated with circulating leptin levels independent of adiposity. Examination in mouse adipose tissue explants provides functional support for the leptin-associated loci.

Green dinitrogen fixation is critical for the decarbonization of fertilizers and fuel. This Review examines the common grounds and complementarities between nitrogenase enzymes, homogeneous catalysis and solid electrodes.

In this population-based cohort study from Scotland, the authors investigate the prevalence of symptoms in the post-acute phase of COVID-19 infection compared to matched uninfected controls. They identify persistent symptoms associated with infection and identify factors associated with failure to recover.

RMC-7977, a compound that exhibits potent inhibition of the active states of mutant and wild-type KRAS, NRAS and HRAS variants has a strong anti-tumour effect on RAS-addicted tumours and is well tolerated in preclinical models.

Inventory data from more than 1 million trees across African, Amazonian and Southeast Asian tropical forests suggests that, despite their high diversity, just 1,053 species, representing a consistent ~2.2% of tropical tree species in each region, constitute half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees.

Bacterial cell growth and division require the coordinated action of enzymes that synthesize and degrade cell wall polymers. Here, the authors identify enzymes that cleave the D-arabinan core of arabinogalactan, an unusual component of the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacteria.

Mannan, a component of yeast cell walls, is shown to be a viable food source for Bacteroides thetaiotamicron, a dominant member of the gut microbiota, which catabolizes the mannan ‘selfishly’—countering the general assumption that multiple members of the gut microbiota take a role in, and benefit from, polysaccharide catabolism.