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This Registered Report presents evidence from 87 countries and regions showing that brief emotion-regulation interventions consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Paul Pharoah and colleagues report the results of a large genome-wide association study of ovarian cancer. They identify new susceptibility loci for different epithelial ovarian cancer histotypes and use integrated analyses of genes and regulatory features at each locus to predict candidate susceptibility genes, including OBFC1.

Pathogen whole genome sequencing, coupled with statistical and machine learning models, offers a promising solution to multi-drug resistance diagnosis. Here, the authors present two deep convolutional neural networks that predict the antibiotic resistance phenotypes of M. tuberculosis isolates.

Consecutive coverage of fast charging station access for long distance Electric Vehicle trips in the U.S. is lacking. However, if implemented as planned, federal funding for chargers will help most counties reach high consecutive coverage.

Current seasonal flu vaccines hardly protect against emerging H5N1 such as clade 2.3.4.4b circulating in cattle. Here, the authors show that a single intranasal immunization of DelNS1-H5N1 vaccine candidates provides effective protection and sustained immunity against highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses.

Estimates from the Global Dietary Database indicated that 2.2 million new type 2 diabetes and 1.2 million new cardiovascular disease cases were attributable to sugar-sweetened beverages worldwide in 2020, with the highest burdens in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean.

Yellow fever is absent from the Asia/Pacific region, despite presence of the mosquito vector. Here, the authors demonstrate that mosquitoes collected from field sites across the region are capable of transmitting yellow fever virus, indicating that vector competence is not a barrier to disease spread.

Costa-Verdera et. al describe a mechanism by which AAV vector genomes activate P53-mediated signalling in CNS cells involving downstream STING activation and pro-inflammatory responses. Inhibition of either P53 or STING prevented target-cell apoptosis and inflammatory signalling.

Ruggeri et al. find in a study of 61 countries that temporal discounting patterns are globally generalizable. Worse financial environments, greater inequality and high inflation are associated with extreme or inconsistent long-term decisions.

Previous studies identified an association between the 2q35 locus and breast cancer. Here, the authors show that a SNP at 2q35, rs4442975, is associated with oestrogen receptor positive disease and suggest that this effect is mediated through the downregulation of a known breast cancer gene, IGFBP5.

Profiling transcriptional crosstalk between promoters and cell-type-specific enhancers allows large gene cargo delivery.

Random segregation of extrachromosomal DNA contributes to intratumoral heterogeneity and facilitates the rapid adaptation of human tumor cells to anticancer drugs.

A benchmarking competition improves tools that predict how regulatory regions control gene expression.

A trans-ancestry meta-analysis of GWAS of glycemic traits in up to 281,416 individuals identifies 99 novel loci, of which one quarter was found due to the multi-ancestry approach, which also improves fine-mapping of credible variant sets.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide association study meta-analysis, combined with transcriptome- and methylome-wide association analyses, identifies risk loci associated with colorectal cancer. Credible effector genes and their target tissues are also highlighted, showing that over a third probably act outside the colonic mucosa.

Stereotactic needle biopsies are currently performed for diagnosis only in glioblastoma; this study highlights the depth of information available through multi-omics analysis.

Research on biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships tends to focus on single trophic groups. This analysis of two biodiversity experiments, representing forests and grasslands, shows that plant diversity promotes ecosystem multifunctionality not only directly, but also by enhancing the diversity of other trophic levels.

A multi-ancestry meta-regression study analyses diverse genome-wide association studies and genome loci associated with tobacco and alcohol use.

Engineered polyketide synthases (PKSs) have great potential as biocatalysts for the synthesis of chemically challenging molecules. Here the authors show a retrobiosynthesis approach to design and construct PKSs to produce a series of valerolactams for biopolymer production.

Genome-wide studies of 1,916 plasma and urine metabolites from 5,023 participants of the German Chronic Kidney Disease study provide insights into systemic and kidney-specific enzymatic and transport processes.

Inbreeding depression has been observed in many different species, but in humans a systematic analysis has been difficult so far. Here, analysing more than 1.3 million individuals, the authors show that a genomic inbreeding coefficient (FROH) is associated with disadvantageous outcomes in 32 out of 100 traits tested.

Using 1,854 routinely collected clinical samples from early in pregnancy, with validation in an external cohort, low-coverage cfDNA sequence data identified distinctive features among those who developed preeclampsia.

The use of oncolytic viruses as a therapy for cancer is limited by mechanisms inhibiting viral replication in the tumor. Here, the authors show that a chemical derivative of itaconate, 4-octyl itaconate, increases oncolytic virus VSVΔ51 efficacy in various cancer models, through decreasing antiviral immunity.

Trans-ancestry meta-analysis of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from 1,046,070 individuals identifies 264 associated loci, providing a resource of molecular targets for translational research of chronic kidney disease.

Irreproducibility of biological findings is a major challenge for drug development. Here the authors examine the lifespans of 22 worm strains in three different laboratories and the effects of ten known chemicals to assess reproducibility in the face of variations in genetic background, chemical treatment and lab environment.

A transcriptome-wide association study identifies associations of genetically predicted gene expression with breast cancer risk. This analysis finds 48 candidate genes implicated in breast cancer susceptibility, including 14 at novel loci.

Supervised deep learning models hold promise for the interpretation of histology images, but are limited by cost and quality of training datasets. Here, the authors develop a self-supervised deep learning method that can automatically discover features in cancer histology images that are associated with diagnosis, survival, and molecular phenotypes.

An integrated analysis of de novo and inherited coding variants in 42,607 individuals with autism spectrum disorder identifies 60 risk genes of which five have not previously been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is emerging as a potential treatment for several chronic diseases. Here, the authors describe a VNS method using intermittent interferential current stimulation (i²CS) that allows precise control of organ-specific fiber activation in swine.

Ruth Loos and colleagues report results of a large genome-wide association study for body mass index. They identify 18 new loci associated with this trait, some of which map near key hypothalamic regulators of energy balance.

Using JWST, more than 40 individual stars have been detected in a distant galaxy, dating back to when the Universe was only half of its current age. The stars appear to be red (super)giants that are magnified by factors of hundreds.

Different functional variants in ADH1B (and elsewhere) in Europeans and Africans strongly affect risk for alcohol dependence. Dependence only partly genetically correlates with consumption, with strong correlations to other psychiatric disorders.

Liu et al. report genome-wide data of 33 ancient individuals from the Himalayas, illuminating the deep genetic history of Tibetans and other Tibeto-Burman-speaking populations around the Tibetan Plateau in fine resolution.

Acute systemic immune activation may affect gut-luminal colonisation dynamics. Here, the authors show that LPS exposure in mice elevates gut-luminal oxygen species levels, inhibiting the microbiota and enabling pathogen growth through aerobic respiration.

Most genetic association studies have been done on single nucleotide polymorphisms and small indels, while other types of variants have been less studied. Here, the authors use whole genome sequencing in a diverse population to identify and provide experimental evidence for associations between structural variants and blood-cell traits.

Genome-wide association studies have identified regions which confer risk of high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Here the authors use expression quantitative train locus analysis to identify candidate genes and functionally characterise them, identifying a role for HOXD9 in ovarian cancer.

Analysis of HbA1c and FPG levels across 117 population-based studies demonstrates regional variation in prevalence of previously undiagnosed screen-detected diabetes using one or both measures and suggests that use of elevated FPG alone could underestimate diabetes prevalence in low- and middle-income countries.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide gene–smoking interaction study identifies 13 new loci associated with serum lipids.

The retinal foveola in the primate eye is critical for seeing fine details, color, text and faces. Using ultrahigh-field functional magnetic resonance imaging, Qian et al discover that there is a highly specialized cortical brain region for processing foveolar information.