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Arboviruses are climate sensitive, and their global distributions are changing. Here, the authors describe results of a One Health study programme to investigate the occurrence of Usutu and West Nile Virus in the Netherlands, a previously non-endemic area.

Phosphorus locked in ancient marine carbonates shows that ocean phosphorus rose and fell with atmospheric oxygen during the Great Oxidation Event, Earth’s first major oxygenation. Models suggest brief nutrient pulses could have accelerated oxygen production

High-resolution ALMA observations reveal a gravitationally bound septuple protostar system in NGC 6334IN, formed through disk fragmentation. This discovery sheds light on the formation of extreme high-order multiplicity in massive stellar clusters.

Discovery of a nearly complete skeleton of Huayracursor jaguensis, a Carnian dinosaur from the Northern Precordillera Basin in northwestern Argentina provides evidence of increased body size and early cervical elongation during the Late Triassic epoch.

The origin of water is one biggest unknowns in the field of star and planet formation: is it inherited or created in situ? Through the detection of heavy water (D₂O) in a protoplanetary disk, it is shown that this water must be older than the central star.

Observations from a borehole in the Kamb Ice Stream suggest that discrete subglacial discharge events dominate channel melt and sediment transport.

A 165 Myr record of N and Corg isotopes show that the N-cycle responds to feedbacks associated with productivity and the location of upwelling centers changing due to continental meander.

Garnet-type LLZO electrolytes are considered among the most promising solid-state electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries; however, numerous challenges need to be addressed before they are integrated into a cell. By precipitating amorphous zirconium oxide onto grain boundaries, increased ionic conductivity is observed and dendrite growth is suppressed.

African ancestry is a known risk factor for prostate cancer development, but the genetic determinants of this are incompletely understood. Here, the authors identify 172 potentially pathogenic variants which are enriched in an African population.

Limited diagnostic capacity for asymptomatic individuals hinders malaria elimination efforts in Africa. Here, the authors present a near point-of-care method based on colorimetric LAMP detection that outperforms expert microscopy and commercial rapid diagnostic tests for Plasmodium detection in asymptomatic and submicroscopic individuals.

Distinct subsets of conventional DCs (cDCs) promote the differentiation of distinct helper T cell lineages. Here, the authors identify a GM-CSF-dependent cDC2 population in the mouse lung that expresses CD301b at steady state and promotes the differentiation of Treg cells, whereas during the initiation of allergic responses, these cDC2s transition to CD200⁺ cDC2s, promoting Th2 differentiation.

A modeling approach to assess the global risk of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 and 3 gene deletions identifies ten priority African countries for surveillance and could inform malaria control policies.

Variation in responses to bacterial and viral stimuli between Batwa rainforest hunter-gatherers and Bakiga agriculturalists from Uganda suggests population-level divergence under natural selection, with hunter-gatherers disproportionately showing signatures of positive selection.

Since its introduction to the US in 1999, the West Nile virus (WNV) has become endemic in the Americas. Here, the authors develop a model of WNV transmission dynamics between birds, mosquitoes and humans, which they integrate in conjunction with data assimilation methods, mosquito infection data and reported human cases in a New York county to show its utility for forecasting infection rates.

IL-17A signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of psoriasis via the production of inflammatory mediators. Here, by integrating in vitro experiments and in vivo analysis, the authors report a non-canonical IL-17-KLK8 axis that induces lactate accumulation and histone lactylation, ultimately driving keratinocyte hyperactivation, and highlight the therapeutic value of targeting this lactylation-driven pathway for psoriasis treatment.

The effects of marine plastic pollution go beyond its direct impact on marine ecosystems to potentially disrupt the marine carbon cycle. By altering biogeochemical cycles, global plastic pollution may substantially impact the ability of the ocean to absorb and store carbon in the coming decades.

Particles produced by intense biomass burning can be transported, potentially by deep convection, in large numbers to the lower stratosphere, changing the stratospheric aerosol layer’s chemical and radiative properties, according to in situ measurements during an active fire season.

People living in rural areas of the United States have poorer outcomes from acute COVID-19. Here, the authors show that higher mortality rates among rural dwellers persist for up to two years after the initial infection, even after accounting for baseline risk factors.

Analyses of whole-genome sequencing data from UK Biobank and All of Us identify rare variant burden signals associated with metabolic health, including effects of protein-truncating variants in IRS2 on type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease risk.

Different types of SETBP1 variants cause variable developmental syndromes with only partial clinical and functional overlaps. Here, the authors report that SETBP1 variants outside the degron region impair DNA-binding, transcription, and neuronal differentiation capacity and morphologies.

The meningeal compartment communicates with the brain to modulate homeostatic functions. Here, the authors demonstrate that natural killer (NK) cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILC) 1 shape synaptic neuronal transmission and affect mouse behavior.

The function of serotonin receptors and the neuroimmune relationship in psoriasis is not fully understood. Here, the authors find HTR2A antagonistic drugs worsened psoriasis outcomes in a study population, and that HTR2A modulation reduced psoriasis severity in imiquimod mouse models and that this involved HTR2A-expressing monocyte-derived Langerhans cells.

A 1,024-channel microelectrode array is delivered to the brain cortex via a minimally invasive incision in the skull and dura, and allows recording, stimulation and neural decoding across large portions of the brain in porcine models and human neurosurgical patients.

In the past three decades, fish abundance, richness and uniqueness have diverged across cold and warm streams, and the effects on native fish communities of stream warming and increases in introduced fishes have magnified each other.

A study of several longitudinal birth cohorts and cross-sectional cohorts finds only moderate overlap in genetic variants between autism that is diagnosed earlier and that diagnosed later, so they may represent aetiologically different conditions.

Thermal lepton pairs are ideal probes for the temperature of quark-gluon plasma. Here, the STAR Collaboration uses thermal electron-positron pair production to measure quark-gluon plasma average temperature at different stages of the evolution.

Genome-wide sequencing of 180 ancient individuals shows a continuous gradient of ancestry in Early-to-Mid-Holocene hunter-gatherers from the Baltic to the Transbaikal region and distinct contemporaneous groups in Northeast Siberia, and provides insights into the origins of modern Uralic and Yeniseian speakers.

Li, Burgos-Bravo and colleagues report that NDF phase separation regulates FACT condensation, which enhances transcription by generating a localized biochemical environment that promotes nucleosome disassembly while preserving chromatin integrity by retaining histones.

Erosion rates and ice cover extent of present day fjords and summit plateau landscapes beyond the last deglaciation are virtually unknown. Here, the authors constrain the long-term denudation rates and glaciation history in west Greenland based on cosmogenic nuclides.

Crystal structures of HIV Env trimer with native glycosylation in complex with neutralizing antibodies reveal a glycan shield of high-mannose and complex-type N-glycan and indicate a path for germline-targeting vaccine design.

The transcriptional regulation of oligodendrocytes has an essential role in myelin formation and maintenance. Here, the authors identify the transcription factor Tfii-i as a regulator of myelin genes expression in the nervous system and show that its loss enhances myelin thickness and nerve conduction.

A modeling study quantifies the health-economic burden of Lassa virus infection across West Africa and projects impacts of a series of reactive and preventive vaccination campaigns against the disease, presenting substantial impacts in terms of averted disability-adjusted life years and healthcare cost reductions.

Whole-genome sequencing of an ancient male Egyptian revealed a mixture of North African Neolithic and eastern Fertile Crescent ancestry, suggesting human migration between Egypt and Mesopotamia by the Old Kingdom period.

Understanding the molecular and phenotypic profile of colorectal cancer (CRC) in West Africa is important for early detection and treatment. Here, the authors use a multigene next-generation sequencing panel to identify genomic differences in Nigerian CRCs compared to those from TCGA and MSKCC cohorts.