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Long-wavelength luminescence from boron-based cations is typically hindered by both intrinsic instability and pronounced non-radiative decay. Now a triadic design that integrates a non-Kekulé polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon framework, a charge-localizing carbodicarbene ligand and counterion-directed assembly enables stable borenium ions with tunable red-to-near-infrared emission in the solid state.

Profiling subcellular multi-omics with spatiotemporal resolution remains a key challenge in cell biology. Now an orthogonal photocatalytic labelling strategy has been developed that enables simultaneous, non-genetic profiling of mitochondrial RNA and proteins within the same sample, providing a chemical approach for transcriptomic and proteomic analyses with spatial and temporal precision.

Lymph nodes are primarily categorised into metastatic and non-metastatic. Here, the authors perform integrated bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing on lymph nodes from 200 patients with colorectal cancer and identify 4 non-metastatic lymph node subtypes.

A new artificial intelligence model, DeepSeek-R1, is introduced, demonstrating that the reasoning abilities of large language models can be incentivized through pure reinforcement learning, removing the need for human-annotated demonstrations.

Catalytic asymmetric click reactions of azides and alkynes for chiral triazole synthesis remains a challenge, due to the limited catalytic systems and substrate scope. Herein, the authors report the enantioselective azidation/click cascade reaction of N-propargyl-β-ketoamides via copper catalysis, affording a variety of chiral 1,2,3-triazoles.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

Expanding editing scope while reducing byproducts is now possible for prime editing. Here, authors develop reverse prime editing (rPE), a SpCas9-based tool enabling editing in reverse window with high fidelity and demonstrate its use in inserting therapeutic variants.

Optical gyromagnetic properties are not observed in natural or metamaterials to date. Here, the authors experimentally demonstrated optical gyromagnetic properties in a magneto-plasmonic metamaterial, realizing the long-sought bi-gyrotropic medium.

Molecular assembly is of great importance in many fields. Here, the authors establish a strategy to post-modulate angle-mismatched layer-by-layer materials by fullerene derivatives and achieve a modulation accuracy of up to 5 Å.

The interaction of terahertz (THz) waves with condensed matter materials is utilised to investigate the low-energy electronic behaviours and topological properties near the equilibrium state, for example, transport characteristics of topological semimetals. Here, the THz longitudinal conductivities of high-quality Mn₃Sn epitaxial thin films are anisotropic along different crystal orientations with carrier localization behavior, which are well described by the Drude-Smith model.

The use of biomarkers of ageing is crucial for investigating age-related processes. This Review discusses biomarkers of ageing and of ageing-associated physiological changes, at the cellular, tissue and organism levels in humans and non-human primates.

Anxiety involves abnormal respiratory responses to emotional stimuli. Here, the authors show that CeA^GABA neurons, acting as a central hub, are instrumental in orchestrating anxiety-like behaviors and breathing patterns through the CeA-PVT and CeA-LPBN-preBötC circuits, correspondingly.

COVID-19-related non-pharmaceutical interventions impacted the circulation of other pathogens. Here, the authors compile a global viral activity dataset and compare the timing of resurgence of seven common respiratory viruses following the relaxation of interventions across different geographical regions.

Data from a variety of sources—including satellite, climate and soil data, as well as field-collected information on plant traits—are pooled and analysed to map the functional diversity of tropical forest canopies globally.

The use of electronic devices to process electrical signals in molecular communications can hardly realize its potential for various applications. Here, the authors report on chemical concentration signal processing in real time and digital signal transmission over distances.

A recombinant vaccine that targets the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 induces a potent antibody response in immunized mice, rabbits and non-human primates, and protects primates from infection with the virus.

ZmWAKL, which encodes a cell-wall-associated receptor kinase-like protein, regulates quantitative disease resistance to gray leaf spot in maize through the ZmWAKL–ZmWIK–ZmBLK1–ZmRBOH4 module.

Live-cell single-molecule imaging of pioneer transcription factors revealed a ‘confined target search’ mechanism where they alternate between fast free diffusion in the nucleus and slower confined diffusion within compacted chromatin domains, leading to efficient pioneering on closed targets.

AtACINUS is an Arabidopsis homolog of a mammalian splicing regulator and previously found to be O-GlcNAcyated. Here Bi et al. characterize the interactors and targets of AtACINUS, show it is required for development and stress responses and provide evidence that its O-glycosylation affects alternative splicing.

There is an emerging interest in the use of mRNA therapeutics in cancer treatment, but their precise in vivo delivery remains a challenge. Here the authors develop IFN-γ mRNA-loaded small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) with CD64 overexpressed on their surface and demonstrate its efficacy in glioblastoma mouse models resistant to immunotherapy.

Sun et al. report human lifespan changes in the brain’s functional connectome in 33,250 individuals, which highlights critical growth milestones and distinct maturation patterns and offers a normative reference for development, aging and diseases.

With the example of the paraspeckle protein PSPC1, Shao et al. demonstrated the synergistic interplay of promoter-associated RNA and its binding proteins in promoting transcription condensate formation and Pol II engagement and activity via phase separation.

Combining cycloaddition and carbon–carbon cross-coupling offers a way of simplifying the enantioselective preparation of chemical building blocks, natural products and medicines such as the antipsychotic asenapine.

A stable, low-temperature water–gas shift catalyst is achieved by crowding platinum atoms and clusters on α-molybdenum carbide; the crowding protects the support from oxidation that would cause catalyst deactivation.

In a large, partially prospective cohort of patients with molecularly profiled and clinically annotated meningioma, the extent of surgical resection and radiotherapy (RT) response correlate with molecular classification, which can be used in a molecular model to predict clinical outcomes in response to RT.

Borenium ions have traditionally served as main group (pre-)catalysts, and their use in materials-related applications have been limited by their instability. Now, a series of fully π-conjugated azaboraacenium ions derived from carbodicarbene have been developed that exhibit high air and moisture stability with full colour-tunable luminescence. Furthermore, these azaboraacene cations mimic the electronic structures of higher-order carbonaceous acenes while featuring enhanced resistance to photo-oxidation.

Master regulator transcription factors TP63 and SOX2 have been reported to overlap in genomic occupancy in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Here, the authors demonstrate that TP63 and SOX2 promote co-operatively long non-coding RNA CCAT1 expression through activating its super-enhancer, and CCAT1 forms a complex with TP63 and SOX2, which regulates EGFR super-enhancers and enhances both the MEK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in SCC.

Magnetic meta-atoms made from lanthanum-doped barium hexaferrite can be used to create self-biased non-reciprocal metasurfaces capable of unidirectional transmission, non-reciprocal beam steering, non-reciprocal beam focusing and non-reciprocal holography.

The authors address spin–orbit torques and magnetization switching in MnPd₃/CoFeB hetrostructures.

Many important cellular structures in the body are curved at the scale of multiple cell lengths. Cells respond collectively to this curvature, and it influences their migration during development and growth.

A trio-binning approach is used to produce a fully haplotype-resolved diploid genome assembly for the common marmoset, providing insight into the heterozygosity spectrum and the evolution of the sex-differentiation region.

Many obligate symbionts, including parasites, have reduced genomes. A comparison of leaf-cutter ant genomes reveals parallel gene losses, particularly in olfactory receptors, in socially parasitic species compared to their closely-related hosts, consistent with relaxed selection for cooperative colony life in the parasites.

Methanol synthesis from methane is a promising route to valorize this abundant natural gas, but existing thermal processes require harsh reaction conditions. Now, a photocatalytic approach based on TiO₂-supported iron oxide species is described, which affords methanol in high yield and selectivity at ambient conditions.