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Here, the authors provide molecular insight into the remarkable ability of Tardigrades to withstand high levels of radiation by demonstrating that their Dsup protein interacts with multiple surfaces of the nucleosome to protect the genome from oxidative DNA damage.

Thermal lepton pairs are ideal probes for the temperature of quark-gluon plasma. Here, the STAR Collaboration uses thermal electron-positron pair production to measure quark-gluon plasma average temperature at different stages of the evolution.

This prespecified updated survival and exploratory subgroup efficacy analysis of the phase 3 DESTINY-Breast04 trial shows that trastuzumab deruxtecan treatment in patients with HER2-low metastatic breast cancer leads to continuous survival benefit irrespective of estrogen receptor or hormone receptor status.

Here the authors perform a trans expression quantitative trait locus meta-analysis study of over 3,700 people and link a USP18 variant to expression of 50 inflammation genes and lupus risk, highlighting how genetic regulation of immune responses drives autoimmune disease and informs new therapies.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Using a globally distributed standardized aerial sampling of fungal spores, we show that the hyperdiverse kingdom of fungi follows globally highly predictable spatial and temporal dynamics, with seasonality in both species richness and community composition increasing with latitude.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

PepMLM designs peptide binders against diverse targets using masked language modeling.

A genome-wide study by the Long COVID Host Genetics Initiative identifies an association between the FOXP4 locus and long COVID, implicating altered lung function in its pathophysiology.

This study unravels an important daytime Cl₂ source in the extra-polar atmosphere and shows that photolysis of particle nitrate at high acidity produced unprecedented levels of Cl₂, boosting the oxidative power and air pollutants like O₃.

The validation of inhibitors targeting PurF, a novel drug target for tuberculosis drug discovery, is described.

Growth of salt crystals in pores is one of the most damaging weathering mechanisms for stone in ornamental structures and historical buildings. Here, the authors present a simple yet powerful treatment for predicting when salt damage will occur, quantifying this susceptibility to salt crystallization.

DNA double-stranded breaks threaten genome stability. Here, the authors show that transcript RNA serves as a repair template in human cells and identify Polζ as a key factor in RNA-templated DSB repair. This process can lead to intron deletion, resulting in a mutational signature in cancer genomes.

Consecutive coverage of fast charging station access for long distance Electric Vehicle trips in the U.S. is lacking. However, if implemented as planned, federal funding for chargers will help most counties reach high consecutive coverage.

Actin filament polymerization is crucial for building sound-sensitive stereocilia in the cochlea. Here, the authors show that a myosin motor can nucleate actin filaments, revealing a mechanism for stereocilia growth and hereditary hearing loss.

After spinal cord injury (SCI), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels drop in the central nervous system. Here, authors show that boosting cAMP and subsequently activating corticospinal neurons led to improved neuronal function and motor recovery in female rats after SCI, highlighting a brainstem rerouting pathway for restoring movement after injury.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

The current model for Nipah virus assembly suggests that packaging is orchestrated by the matrix protein at the plasma membrane. Here, using super-resolution microscopy and Nipah virus-like particles, Liu et al. show that Nipah virus assembly is stochastic.

Genotype and exome sequencing of 150,000 participants and whole-genome sequencing of 9,950 selected individuals recruited into the Mexico City Prospective Study constitute a valuable, publicly available resource of non-European sequencing data.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

The authors present a characterization of complex X-linked lncRNA loci with sex- and allele-specific epigenetic signatures that serve as a platform for the largest chromatin structures in mammals, thereby elucidating diverse phenotypes and combinatorial effects on autosomes.

Treatment with the oncolytic herpes virus CAN-3110 is associated with improved survival responses in patients with recurrent glioblastoma, particularly in individuals who are seropositive for HSV1.

Cells infected with pathogens can release signals that instruct neighbouring cells to mount an immune response or that reduce these cells’ susceptibility to infection. Here, Aguilar et al. show the opposite effect: cells infected with Salmonella Typhimurium secrete host factors that facilitate the infection of bystander cells by activating their ER-stress response.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study of blood lipid levels in roughly 1.6 million individuals demonstrates the gain of power attained when diverse ancestries are included to improve fine-mapping and polygenic score generation, with gains in locus discovery related to sample size.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes (T2D) identifies more than 600 T2D-associated loci; integrating physiological trait and single-cell chromatin accessibility data at these loci sheds light on heterogeneity within the T2D phenotype.

Amphetamines are known to enhance extracellular dopamine levels, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Utilising a new pH biosensor for synaptic vesicles, the authors show that amphetamines diminish vesicle pH gradients, disrupting dopamine packaging and leading to increased neurotransmitter release.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

Proteogenomic analysis of human cerebrospinal fluid by measuring 6,361 proteins in 3,506 individuals identifies new protein QTLs and highlights genetic regulation involved in neurological processes.

Strontium isotope analysis can be applied to animal and plant tissues to help determine their provenance. Here, the authors generate a strontium isoscape of sub-Saharan Africa using data from 2266 environmental samples and demonstrate its efficacy by tracing the African roots of individuals from historic slavery contexts.

An updated analysis of the DYNAMIC biomarker-driven trial, including mature survival data at 5 years, supports a ctDNA-guided approach to adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II colon cancer.

An antibody that recognizes the F glycoproteins from Nipah and Hendra viruses can neutralize both viruses and recognizes a quaternary epitope in the prefusion F trimer, preventing conformational changes required for fusion.

Genome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in ancestrally diverse populations implicate candidate causal genes and mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. Trans-ancestry genetic risk scores enhance transferability across populations.

A trans-ancestry meta-analysis of GWAS of glycemic traits in up to 281,416 individuals identifies 99 novel loci, of which one quarter was found due to the multi-ancestry approach, which also improves fine-mapping of credible variant sets.

An analysis of tree survival data from forest sites worldwide shows that in the tropics, rare tree species experience stronger stabilizing density dependence than common species, wheras no correlation of stabilizing density dependence and abundance exists in the temperate zone.

Inbreeding depression has been observed in many different species, but in humans a systematic analysis has been difficult so far. Here, analysing more than 1.3 million individuals, the authors show that a genomic inbreeding coefficient (FROH) is associated with disadvantageous outcomes in 32 out of 100 traits tested.