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Through a reassessment of global dam failure records since 1900, this investigation profiles the risk of failure for large dams, identifying a recent increase that is especially important in tropical and monsoon climate regions with low gross domestic product.

Micro-sized silicon are promising anode materials due to low-cost and high-energy, yet their application is hindered by inaccessible electrolytes. Here, the authors report sulfolane-based electrolytes that form silicon-phobic interphases and enable high-voltage pouch cells to achieve superior cycle life.

During chronic but not acute inflammation, chromatin remodelling is influenced by nuclear autophagy through WSTF interaction with ATG8 in the nucleus, leading to WSTF nuclear export and its subsequent degradation.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Relativistic electron-positron (pair) plasmas play a fundamental role in the magnetospheres, jets, and winds of black holes and neutron stars, but existing studies have been purely theoretical. Here, the authors open up the exciting possibility to probe relativistic pair-plasmas in the laboratory.

Accurate prediction of surgical outcomes is essential for selecting treatment plans and ensuring patient satisfaction in corrective jaw surgery (orthognathic surgery). Here, the authors present and validate GPOSC-Net, a generative model for orthognathic surgery planning, to predict surgical movement and synthesize post-operative cephalograms from pre-operative data using a diffusion model.

Current knowledge of the mechanisms that underly Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections remains limited. Here, the authors present an in vitro gastric model that combines structural complexity with experimental accessibility, enabling improved research into H. pylori-induced pathogenesis.

In stochastic games, there is a feedback loop between a group’s social behaviors and its environment. Kleshnina et al. show that groups are often more cooperative when they know the exact state of their environment, although there are also intriguing cases when ignorance is beneficial.

Nickelate superconductors attract enormous attention in the field of high-temperature superconductivity. Here the authors report observation of perfect diamagnetism and interfacial effect on the electronic structures in infinite layer Nd_0.8Sr_0.2NiO₂ superconductors.

Synchronization of complex networks has been studied in the context of stability of the synchronous solution, however the problem of the efficiency of the synchronization dynamics remains less explored. The authors propose a concept of syncreactivity bridging synchronization dynamics of the network and efficiency of the synchronization process.

CAR T cell manufacturing faces significant challenges that impact cell quality and in vivo efficacy. This necessitates reliable cellular characterization methods. Here the authors present a real-time, label-free, microfluidic method that profiles cellular biophysical properties and correlates them to activation state and CAR T potency, facilitating the rapid phenotypic cell assessment during production.

A population of neurons is identified in the lateral preoptic area that can drive the full range of social communication sounds with affective scaling during mating in mice.

Savage and colleagues show virtual memory CD8 T cells arise in the thymus of replete mice, where their differentiation is a robust TCR-directed process. Clonal analyses show their TCR repertoire is reproducible and distinct from conventional cells and that progeny cells harboring such TCRs infiltrate tumors and express PD-1.

A one-component fluid confined in a slit pore is studied by thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. The authors find that thermodynamics holds even in the limit of vanishing pore width and crosses over from that for a 3D system to that for a 2D one if the singularities in normal pressure and chemical potential are treated properly.

Quantum simulators allow for experimental studies of many-body systems in complex geometries, which has rarely been addressed by theory. Here the authors study many-body Hamiltonians on generic random graphs and show that many-body effects emerge only in a small class of exceptional, highly structured graphs.

Oxygen levels regulate the stability of the transcription factor HIF-1 through the action of prolyl hydroxylases and the VHL ubiquitin ligase. Sharp and colleagues now identify a protein complex in which the Ajuba LIM-domain protein LIMD1 brings together prolyl hydroxylases and VHL to ensure efficient degradation of HIF-1.

Here, the authors sample air and surfaces in hospital rooms of COVID-19 patients, detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in air samples of two of three tested airborne infection isolation rooms, and find surface contamination in 66.7% of tested rooms during the first week of illness and 20% beyond the first week of illness.

gLike infers population demographic histories with a variety of complex admixture events by analysis of graphs of states, which conceptualize the relationships of all lineages found in trees encoded in the ancestral recombination graph.

Thymine DNA glycosylase is an essential DNA repair enzyme involved in oxidative demethylation of 5- methylC. In this study the authors have tracked specific and non-specific DNA binding of TDG at the single molecule level. TDG is found to hop and slide on DNA and found to interact with nucleosomes.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are well known breast cancer predisposition genes, however, many variants have not yet been classified for their pathogenicity. Here, the authors analyse a large combined cohort to provide evidence of variant pathogenicity.

The three-dimensional spin textures of a skyrmion lattice have now been measured in a bulk material using a tomographic small-angle neutron scattering technique.

How brain networks process dynamic naturalistic stimuli is not well understood. Here, the authors use machine learning algorithms to show that brain states in the default network capture the semantic aspects of an unfolding narrative during movie watching.

This study uncovered genetic associations with environmental sensitivity in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental traits in an international collaboration using data from more than 21,000 monozygotic twins—the largest genetic study of monozygotic twin differences to date.

ANCOM-BC2 is developed to perform multigroup differential abundance analysis and allows modeling of covariates and longitudinal measures while controlling false discovery rate (FDR) or mixed directional FDR.

A 50 microRNA-based dynamic risk score for stratifying individuals with and without type 1 diabetes was developed using samples obtained from multicenter and multiethnic cohorts.

The authors show that the fungal pathogen Candida albicans exploits diverse host-associated signals, including specific nutrients and stresses, to promote immune evasion by masking cell wall β-glucan, a major pathogen-associated molecular pattern.

Large variations exist in the revenue prediction of grid-scale storage due to uncertainties in operations of storage technologies. Here the authors integrate the economic evaluation of energy storage with key battery parameters for a realistic measure of revenues.