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There is no consensus on a potential primary cause of spatio-temporal biodiversity patterns. Here the authors combine a macroecological model and global climate simulations to suggest that niche-environment interaction may have driven marine biodiversity trajectory during the Phanerozoic.

Heller et al. showed dense longitudinal imaging in four females, including one with endometriosis and one using oral contraceptives, and the finding that different hormonal milieus influence widespread brain volume changes linked to progesterone or estradiol.

¹³⁴Ce and ¹³⁴La have great potential as companion diagnostic isotopes for radiotherapeutics labelled with α-emitting ²²⁵Ac and ²²⁷Th. Now, by controlling the Ce^III/Ce^IV redox couple, the large-scale production, purification and characterization of ¹³⁴Ce- and ¹³⁴La-based radiolabels has been achieved and their use for in vivo positron emission tomography is demonstrated.

In the proof-of-concept phase 2 ROME trial, comprehensive genomic profiling followed by molecular tumor board evaluation and randomization of patients with metastatic solid cancer to receive personalized therapy or standard of care led to a significantly higher objective response rate and longer progression-free survival in patients who received personalized therapy.

BioID detection of Ebola virus–host interactions when computationally integrated with existing host protein-protein networks, revealed functional cell protein complexes supporting infection, including the RNA decapping complex.

Spatial transcriptomic studies and lineage tracing reveal that, after brain injury, transient profibrotic fibroblasts develop from existing brain fibroblasts, infiltrate lesions, regulate the local immune response and lead to beneficial scar tissue formation.

Targeting histone deacetylases (HDACs) alone has shown limited success in solid tumours. Here, authors report that the HDAC1/2 inhibitor romidepsin confers responsiveness to receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, with enhanced therapeutic effects in models of hepatocellular carcinoma, leading to tumour regression and an immune-stimulatory profile.

Children successfully solved a challenging sorting task by spontaneously discovering efficient sorting strategies, such as selection sort and shaker sort. Older children outperformed younger ones, demonstrating developmental progress in strategic thinking and problem-solving abilities.

La proteins are conserved factors critical for the maturation of RNA polymerase III transcripts. In the ciliate T. thermophila and related alveolates, La proteins have a novel domain arrangement and are linked to a distinct pre-tRNA processing pathway.

In angle-resolved photoemission spectra, nearly vertical energy-momentum dispersions, often termed waterfalls, can occur at high energies in materials including nickelates and cuprates. Using dynamical mean-field theory, the authors show that these features naturally emerge when a Hubbard band develops and splits off from the central quasiparticle band.

In this study, Yang et al. compile a global dataset to uncover the degree to which plants coordinate root and seed traits. They report a global positive correlation between root diameter and seed size, driven by dual roles of arbuscular mycorrhiza in phosphorus uptake and pathogen defence.

In a phase 3 trial for Huntington’s disease, pridopidine did not meet its primary endpoints but was safe and favored in some prespecified subgroup analyses.

An inadequate supply of cofactors often limits the production of target molecules in metabolic engineering. Here, the authors report cofactor engineering through decompartmentalization of the yeast mitochondrial metabolism to improve succinic acid production in Issatchenkia orientalis.

Shabanzadeh et al. identify and validate a pathway whereby RGMa cleavage by SKI-1 modifies gene expression related to blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity after stroke. SKI-1 inhibition restores BBB integrity and neuronal function in mouse and rabbit stroke models.

The detection of the auroral footprint of Jupiter’s moon Callisto is challenging, but a shift in Jupiter’s bright main auroral oval could provide an opportunity for potential detections. Here, the authors show observation of the ultraviolet footprint of Callisto using Juno spacecraft data, benefiting from such opportunity.

Understanding the mechanisms of chemoresistance in multiple myeloma (MM) remains elusive. Here, the authors identify a long non-coding RNA termed as PLUM that is overexpressed in NF-ĸB mutant high-risk MM and interacts with EZH2 to mediate PRC2 complex formation promoting chemoresistance via the activation of the UPR pathway.

Polar ordering in materials enables fascinating properties; however, achieving beyond binary responses remains a challenge. Here, the authors demonstrate control on the polar-to antipolar transition and multiple polarization states in BiFeO₃ thin films.

Integrated multi-omic analyses using samples from the TRACERx study highlight cross-talk between DNA hypermethylation and genomic lesions in non-small cell lung cancer.

Studying gravitational waves from a black-hole merger can constrain both the magnitude and direction of the remnant’s recoil, offering new ways to test black-hole formation scenarios and support multi-messenger observations.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

The rheological properties of the 2021 Cumbre Vieja magma on La Palma, Canary Islands is investigated. The study indicates that this eruption was fueled by magma having among the lowest viscosities observed for mafic systems, and consequently produced lavas that were flowing in the supercritical and possibly turbulent regime.

The performance of inverted perovskite solar cells has been limited by non-radiative recombination at the perovskite surfaces. Here, authors employ phosphonic acids and piperazinium chloride for homogeneous passivation, achieving certified efficiency of 28.9% for 60 cm² perovskite-silicon tandems.

X. Du, W. Li, G. Li, C. Guo et al. report that dietary galactose regulates the cellular crosstalk between hepatocytes and CD8⁺ T cells via IGFBP-1 production and IGF-1 signalling, thereby modulating T cell exhaustion and antitumour immunity.

In recent years, the catalytic activity of scandium triflate Sc(OTf)3 has attracted significant attention due to its robust Lewis acidity and the oxophilicity of Sc3 + . Here, the authors demonstrate different reactivity of the same compound, that Sc(OTf)3 is a visible light photocatalyst capable of direct and mild aerobic oxidative C–H functionalization.

HistoPlexer, a deep learning model, generates multiplexed protein expression maps from H&E images, capturing tumour–immune cell interactions. It outperforms baselines, enhances immune subtyping and survival prediction and offers a cost-effective tool for precision oncology.

The emergence of resistant subpopulations often underlies the development of resistance to cancer therapy. Here, using a DNA barcoding approach, the authors demonstrate EGFR TKI treatment in non-small cell lung cancer enriches for resistant subpopulation which can be prevented by treatment with the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib via inhibition of MKNK, STAT3 and MCL1.

Lactobacilli are a principal microbial constituent in the human uterine cervix and vagina. Here, authors identify the stem cells in the human uterine cervix and the role of Lactobacilli metabolite in cervical stem cells and cervical cancers.

La Crosse Virus predominantly causes encephalitis in children. Here, Basu et al. use transcriptomics and targeted siRNA screening to identify that age-dependent expression of EphrinA2 and Connexin43 by brain capillary endothelial cells is important for neuroinvasion.

Asteroid 1998 KY26 is the target of Hayabusa2 extended space mission. Here, authors show that it is smaller and rotates faster than known.

Both environmental factors and genetic factors influence human immunity. Albert and colleagues leverage data from the Milieu Intérieur Consortium to comprehensively describe the effects of lifestyle, environment and genetics on human innate and adaptive immunity.

In a randomized trial of patients with a previous myocardial infarction and with residual inflammation, a monoclonal antibody targeting the LOX-1 receptor, thought to contribute to atherosclerotic plaque progression and inflammation, reduced soluble LOX-1 and interleukin-6 levels but did not lead to a substantial reduction in coronary plaque volume.

An approach combining bioorthogonal chemistry with genetically encoded fluorogen-activating proteins enables subcellular imaging of phospholipids and glycans, as well as the visualization of lipid transport between organelles and lipid asymmetry across membrane leaflets.

Multi-year La Niña and El Niño events became more common over the past 7,000 years because of orbital forcings causing gradual changes in upper-ocean stratification in the Tropical Eastern Pacific, according to an analysis of proxy records and palaeoclimate modelling.

Viral encephalitis caused in mice by La Crosse arbovirus can be treated with rottlerin, which prevents viral trafficking from the Golgi and reduces virus titres and neuronal cell death in the central nervous system.

The nature of the magnetic ground state giving rise to the hourglass-shaped magnetic spectrum common among high-Tc superconductors is a matter of debate. Here, Babkevich et al. detect the presence of stripe charge order accompanied by quasi-one-dimensional antiferromagnetic order in La_5/3Sr_1/3CoO₄, providing a natural explanation for this characteristic spectrum.

The sluggish oxygen evolution reaction kinetics and intense catalyst degradation under acidic conditions limit the practical application of electrolyzers. Here, the authors construct 4f-orbital-modified RuO₂ catalysts with tunable Ru–O polarity that enhance catalytic activity and durability.

External Control Arm methods for clinical trials were developed to compare the efficacy of a treatment to a control group that is built with data from external sources. Here, the authors present FedECA, a privacy-enhancing method for analyzing treatment effects across institutions, streamlining multi-centric trial design and thereby accelerating drug development while minimizing patient data exposure.

The magnetic excitation spectra of all cuprate superconductors exhibits an hour-glass shape that is widely believed to be caused by either charge stripe or band structure effects. Drees et al.observe the same spectral shape in a cobalt oxide that supports neither effect, suggesting a different origin entirely.

The antisense oligonucleotide rugonersen has acceptable safety and tolerability in children with Angelman syndrome and shows partial normalization of electroencephalogram abnormalities and clinical improvements relative to natural history.

Using Argo profile data with a mixing estimation method, this work reveals ocean subsurface mixing acting as pivotal positive feedback on the central Pacific ENSO and suggests ENSO diabatic positive feedback mechanism.

Cancer evolutionary dynamics are quantitatively inferred using a method, EVOFLUx, applied to fluctuating DNA methylation.

The authors observe a reduction in thermal conductivity when transitioning from single to multi-cation oxides, exploring the role of local bonding distortions in phonon scattering and thermal transport.

CAR-T cells have been found to be less effective as treatment for solid tumours. Here the authors, utilising B7H3 as an antigen, consider how changes in B7H3 binders lead to functional changes of CAR-T cells and differences in tumour outcomes in humanised mouse tumour models.

Metamorphic soles beneath ophiolites record rapid subduction initiation, with high-temperature metamorphism that may be driven by relative motion across the plate interface, according to diffusion speedometry of garnets combined with isotopic data.

Tumor-associated macrophages are pivotal in control over solid tumors. Here the authors show that these macrophages express chemosensors that detect lipid variants in the tumor microenvironment that can regulate the function of these cells.

Activation of G_s signaling at mitochondria by mitoDREADD-G_s increases mitochondrial metabolism, leading to better memory in mouse models of dementia, directly linking brain mitochondrial deficits to cognitive symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases.

Here the authors dissect the developmental and functional relationship between tumor-responsive cytotoxic T cells in the tumor versus the tumor-draining lymph nodes (tdLNs), finding that stem-like T_PEX cells dependent on MYB in the tdLNs are required for CD8⁺ T cell tumor infiltration and ICB responses.

Mauthe et al. find that protein aggregate clearance requires fragmentation of the aggregate by a chaperone module and a proteasomal regulatory particle for recruitment and clustering of selective autophagy receptors to initiate phagophore formation.