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Folding is emerging as a promising manufacturing process to transform flat materials into functional structures, with a reduced need for welding, gluing, and molding, while minimizing waste and enabling automation. Here, the authors introduce a graph-based algorithm for mapping the complete discrete folding landscape of three-dimensional structures, including Platonic solids, from two-dimensional templates, optimizing folding pathways and enhancing manufacturing reliability.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), also known as long COVID is a chronic and often debilitating condition that develops following acute disease. Here authors show that individuals who suffer from PASC symptoms at six month following infection are characterized by persisting immunological disfunction, affecting cellular and humoral components of mucosal immunity.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Reactivation of telomerase has been implicated in human tumorigenesis. Here, somatic mutations in the TERT promoter are reported in cancers of the central nervous system, bladder, follicular cell-derived thyroid and melanoma, thus demonstrating that TERTpromoter mutations are a frequent event in human cancer.

Hiʻiaka is the largest moon of the distant dwarf planet Haumea. Here, the authors report the first multi-chord stellar occultations of Hiʻiaka, revealing its size, shape, and density, suggesting an origin from Haumea’s icy mantle.

This umbrella review of 56 meta-analyses and 296 effect sizes examines the risk factors, protective factors and consequences of cyberbullying. The authors also examine interventions to mitigate cyberbullying victimization.

An analysis of single-cell transcriptomics datasets from different tissues shows that ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are co-expressed in respiratory, corneal and intestinal epithelial cell populations, and that respiratory expression of ACE2 is associated with genes involved in innate immunity.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Dendritic cells in the lung may be specialised to mediate specific types of immune function. Here the authors show that subpopulations of mouse CD11b⁺ lung DC at different stages of maturation and phenotype can promote Th17 or Th2 CD4⁺ T cell differentiation.

Using large-scale mobility data from diverse cities around the globe, a simple and robust scaling law that captures the temporal and spatial range of population movement is revealed.

Gate voltage modulates ion-water and ion-surface interactions in vermiculite laminates, enhancing cation concentration many-fold in KCl. A contrasting behavior is observed in CaCl₂/AlCl₃, with applications in industrial waste treatment and separation.

The nucleus accumbens is a key region in rewarding and aversive behaviors. Here, authors show that nucleus accumbens shell D1- and D2-MSNs were similarly co-recruited during appetitive and aversive conditioning, yet D2-MSNs appeared to be more relevant for the extinction of aversive associations.

This study establishes how aperiodic activity, a ubiquitous signal linked to neural noise, develops in localized brain regions and illuminates the development of prefrontal control during adolescence in the development of attention and memory.

Control of quantum interference in engineered atomic-scale systems could enable precise manipulation of quantum states, however it has remained challenging. Here the authors demonstrate electrically tunable quantum interference in a system of Ti atoms on MgO surface, using a scanning probe microscope setup.

Here, the authors perform a global analysis of over 3000 infant gut samples revealing a universal pattern of microbial changes over the first 1.5 years, with declines in Bifidobacterium and increases in Faecalibacterium, providing a standard for early gut development.

Moreno-Loaiza et al. found that interleukin-1β, acting upon cardiac resident macrophages, promotes atrial fibrillation in mice, and this mechanism may represent a common pathway connecting various risk factors to this arrhythmia.

Analysing >1,700 inventory plots from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network, the authors show that the majority of Amazon tree species can occupy floodplains and that patterns of species turnover are closely linked to regional flood patterns.

Two-dimensional semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides strongly absorb visible light. Kozawa et al.study the photocarrier relaxation in mono- and bilayer MX2 samples and find that loss of photocarriers by direct recombination becomes a second-order process when excitation is in resonance with band nesting.

Analysis of whole genomes of four fox species shows that introgression facilitated adaptation to the hot arid environment of the Sahara Desert and suggests renal water homeostasis as a mechanism of adaptation in the extreme desert specialist species.

Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

Inventory data from more than 1 million trees across African, Amazonian and Southeast Asian tropical forests suggests that, despite their high diversity, just 1,053 species, representing a consistent ~2.2% of tropical tree species in each region, constitute half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees.

In this Stage 2 Registered Report, Buchanan et al. show evidence confirming the phenomenon of semantic priming across speakers of 19 diverse languages.

A new phylogenomic tree for butterflies is constructed using 391 genes from 2,300 species, representing 92% of genera. It suggests that butterflies originated around 100 million years ago in what is now the Americas and originally fed on Fabaceae.

The spin–orbit interaction can be used to optically generate and control terahertz electric photocurrents in metallic ferromagnetic heterostructures.

Analysis of genomic data from 981 colorectal cancers from participants in 11 countries reveals variations in mutational signatures of microsatellite-stable cancers that are dependent on geographical origin and age at which the cancer was diagnosed.

The ultrathin oxide nanosheets obtained through previous approaches usually exhibit amorphism or polycrystallinity, which limit their properties towards electronic devices. Here, the authors synthesize ultrathin antimony oxide single crystals with high dielectric constant (~100) and large breakdown voltage (~5.7 GV m⁻¹).

Characterization of clinical isolates of the cryptic fungal pathogen Aspergillus latus revealed traits that distinguish it from other species. Steenwyck et al show that A. latus originated via allodiploid hybridization with both parental subgenomes actively expressed.

Multicriteria optimization identifies global priority areas for ecosystem restoration and estimates their benefits for biodiversity and climate, providing cost–benefit analyses that highlight the importance of optimizing spatial planning and incorporating several biomes in restoration strategies.

Liquid crystal skyrmions are quasiparticle structures whose interactions at large separations can be understood in terms of elastic multipoles. Here, the authors derive these multipole interactions analytically and show how they drive the formation of chains and clusters under oscillating electric fields.

Liver metastases are a clinical problem, with low responses to immunotherapy. Here, authors coordinate expression of tumor antigens IFNα and IL-12 in liver and tumor associated macrophages to rejuvenate tumor reactive T cells and eliminate liver metastases.