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Identifying the sequence of molecular events that leads to melanoma remains challenging. Here, the authors analyse the early stages of melanoma development in mouse models of minimal genetic induction, identifying melanoma emergence with little evidence of consistent DNA mutation or common copy number variation.

There is limited evidence of the prognostic significance of anticoagulant use in patients with ischemic left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) Here, the authors used a cohort database on ischemic LVA and found that anticoagulant therapy significantly reduces stroke risk without increasing major bleeding.

The role of vascular plasticity in brain function remains poorly understood. Here, the authors demonstrate that a significant portion of blood vessels in the adult brain periodically occlude and regress, a process that is associated with a reduction in neuronal activity.

A highly compact chemically induced proximity system dependent on salicylic acid or aspirin enables control of biological processes and cellular therapeutics using an over-the-counter drug with minimal side effects.

Ancient DNA can reveal evolutionary and demographic history of a region. Here, the authors analyze ancient human DNA from ShanDong, China to reveal two waves of gene flow from Yellow River populations in the DaWenKou (6-4 kBP) and early dynastic (3.5-1.5 kBP) periods.

Evidence for the treatment of patients with mild-to-moderate COPD is limited. Here, the authors show that long-term treatment with high-dose N-acetylcysteine neither significantly reduced the annual rate of total exacerbations nor improve lung function in patients with mild-tomoderate COPD.

This study reveals the autocatalytic growth of Li₂S crystals at the solid-liquid interface in lithium-sulfur batteries enabling good electrochemical performance under high loading and low electrolyte conditions.

Non-specific phospholipase C (NPC) is a plant-specific phospholipid-hydrolyzing enzyme. Here, the authors define the molecular basis of how Arabidopsis NPC works, and provide new mechanistic insights into the members of phospholipase family.

The red fluorescent protein mScarlet3-H is bright, photostable and very robust to high temperature, chaotropic conditions and oxidative environments. mScarlet3-H works well in correlative light and electron microscopy, tissue clearing and time-lapse super-resolution microscopy.

The enantioselective C(sp³)–H alkylation of saturated hydrocarbons to construct C(sp³)–C(sp³) bonds is challenging. Now a nickel-catalysed enantioselective C(sp³)–H alkylation of saturated heterocycles using olefins has been developed. The enantio- and diastereoselective C(sp³)–H alkylation of saturated hydrocarbons with alkenyl boronates has also been achieved to give alkyl boronates containing 1,2-adjacent C(sp³) stereocentres.

The challenges in synthesizing and storing imines stimulate interest in designing stable precursors that can generate imines in situ during the reaction. Here, the authors report a nucleophilic addition of imines with cost-effective feedstocks and easily accessible nucleophiles, utilizing N functionalized hydroxylamine reagents as bench-stable precursors.

The fourteen members of the PYR/PYL family are receptors for the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA). Now structural and functional work using the synthetic ligand pyrabactin, which inhibits seed germination, reveal that the PYL/PYR receptors respond differently to pyrabactin, elucidate the mechanisms for selective activation or inhibition of ABA receptors and allow the design of novel agonists.

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is a regulator of plant growth, development and responses to environmental stresses. Recently, the PYR/PYL/RCAR family of START proteins was found to bind ABA and mediate inactivation of downstream effectors. The crystal structures of apo and ABA-bound receptors as well as a ternary PYL2–ABA–PP2C complex is now reported and analysed, revealing a gate–latch–lock mechanism underlying ABA signalling.

The NAD⁺ synthesis enzyme NAMPT is shown to possess additional enzymatic activity as a phosphoribosylase, which restricts the virion incorporation of viral proteins and underpins its antiviral effect

Implantable supercapacitors are promising for the use as energy supply devices within the body, but their utility is hindered by coagulation and thrombosis. Here, the authors report an implantable supercapacitor that exhibits good anticoagulant properties and cycling stability.

Developing multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests based on cfDNA or protein markers holds great promise for effective cancer screening. Here, the authors show a sensitive, non-invasive pan-cancer detection method that concurrently detects the oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (ofCS) glycans and its protein backbone in plasma.

Molecules with axial chirality are of intense focus to the synthetic organic community, but the axes most commonly explored are carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom. Here the authors report the syntheses of diaxially chiral biaryls containing N-N and C-N/C-C axes, achieved via rhodium catalysis.

This study uses epi-retro-seq to link single-cell epigenomes and cell types to long-distance projections for neurons dissected from different regions projecting to different targets across the whole mouse brain.

Monitoring the diversity of viruses infecting animals is important for assessing zoonotic risk. Here, the authors use metatranscriptomics to characterise the viromes of small mammals, pangolins, and zoo animals in China to identify potentially zoonotic viruses.

Genomes recovered from a Tibetan Plateau ice core extending back 41,000 years show that preserved viral communities varied substantially with cold-to-warm climate cycles.

NAD(P)H dehydrogenase-like complex NDH-1L couples the electron transport from ferredoxin (Fd) to plastoquinone (PQ) and proton pumping from cytoplasm to the lumen. Here authors report two structures of NDH-1L from Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1, in complex with one Fd and an endogenous PQ, respectively.

Quantitative analysis of the methylation of mouse cortical neurons that project to different cortical and subcortical target regions provides insight into genetic mechanisms that contribute to differences in cell function.

LNK is a tumor suppressor in hematopoietic cancers, but its function in melanoma is unclear. Here, the authors show that the overexpression of LNK in melanomas correlate with hyperactive signaling of the RAS-RAF-MEK pathway and LNK enhances melanoma growth and survival and immune evasion by inhibiting IFN signalling.

A draft genome sequence of the hornwort Anthoceros augustus confirms the phylogenetic relationships among the three clades of bryophytes and provides insight into the unique characteristics of hornworts and their adaptations to live on land.

Age-related macular degeneration is a prominent cause of irreversible blindness among the elderly. Here Huang et al.identify a novel missense variant in UBE3D that sheds new light on the pathogenesis of the disease.

The formation of ternary degrader-protein complexes is a key step in the targeted degradation of proteins of interest. Here, the authors explore the structure and dynamics of such complexes applying high-performance computer simulations augmented with experimental data.

The routes and lengths of migrations of Eurasian Arctic peregrine falcons have probably been shaped by climate change across the Last Glacial Maximum–Holocene transition and by selection for long-term memory acting on ADCY8, respectively.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a prevalent chronic liver disease, however, drugs to treat this disease are still lacking. Here, the authors show that PPDPF inhibits the development of hepatic steatosis by negatively regulating mTORC1-S6K-SREBP1 signaling, which provides a potential therapeutic candidate for NAFLD treatment.

Tet-mediated DNA demethylation is intimately involved in reguatling embryonic development. Here the authors characterise DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation dynamics during early cardiac development in both human and mice and provide evidence that Tet-mediated DNA demethylation plays a role in regulating chromatin organization during early heart development.

A new mouse model of frontotemporal dementia is described in which the mice show miR-124– and AMPA receptor–mediated social behavioral deficits.

Recent findings have challenged the centrality of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in promoting tumour progression. Here the authors show that EMT cells can promote breast cancer metastasis by non-cell autonomous activation of the GLI transcriptional program in neighbouring epithelial tumour cells.

The BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network has constructed a multimodal cell census and atlas of the mammalian primary motor cortex in a landmark effort towards understanding brain cell-type diversity, neural circuit organization and brain function.