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Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Il Governo italiano vuole fare delle tecnologie quantistiche una priorità nazionale. Gli scienziati di punta in questo campo si augurano che i finanziamenti siano all'altezza delle ambizioni.

Scalable platforms for non-invasive action potential recording are needed. Here, the authors present a reliable method to capture APs with patch-clamp-like fidelity from stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes using an Electrolyte-Gated Polymer Field-Effect Transistors.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Ancient DNA from the eastern Maghreb (Tunisia and Algeria) dating between 15,000 and 6,000 years ago shows that this region was far less affected by external gene flow than the rest of the Neolithic Mediterranean, including not only Europe but also the western Maghreb (Morocco).

A direct proxy for past dissolved organic carbon signatures using co-precipitated organic carbon in iron ooids enables reconstruction of marine dissolved organic carbon signals dating back to the Palaeoproterozoic.

The authors developed an open-source, low-cost, multi-channel time-tagging module for fluorescence lifetime image scanning microscopy and correlation spectroscopy that can tag in parallel multiple single-photon events with 30 ps precision.

The circuit mechanisms underlying emotion recognition are unclear. Here, Dautan et al. show a role for a long-range feedback loop comprising somatostatin inhibitory projections from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) and excitatory feedback projections from the RSC to the mPFC.

Vibrational fiber photometry enables Raman spectroscopy in the mouse brain with low impact, owing to the use of tapered fibers.

Tumor-associated macrophages are pivotal in control over solid tumors. Here the authors show that these macrophages express chemosensors that detect lipid variants in the tumor microenvironment that can regulate the function of these cells.

The government wants to make quantum technologies a national priority. The field leaders hope that funding matches the ambition.

Maltese et al. show in mice that experiencing an adverse event affects future interaction with others experiencing the same stressor. These self-experience socioemotional reactions are orchestrated by the corticotropin-releasing factor system in the medial prefrontal cortex.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Simulations show that taxing greenhouse emissions in rich countries, but not globally, can have negative effects on African river basins.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a potential therapeutic option for treatment of COVID-19. Here, the authors report safety and pharmacokinetics of an intramuscularly injected mAb (MAD0004J08) during the first 30 days of a phase 1 clinical study.

Light-sensitive azobenzene compounds can be engineered to stably partition into the plasma membrane, thus causing its thinning in the dark and relaxation upon light stimulation. In neurons, the resulting light-dependent change in membrane capacitance induces a transient hyperpolarization followed by rebound depolarization and action potential firing.

Higher temperatures will affect yields of processing tomatoes worldwide, but more so in Italy than in other major producing regions.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid behavior has been observed within 1D defects in transition metal dichalcogenides. Here, using complementary experiments and engineered defects, the authors demonstrate the importance of graphene as a substrate and its role in the formation of this quasiparticle excitation in 2D WS₂.

The wide variety of cellular processes involving biomolecular condensation makes their quantification a challenging task. Here, the authors present an integrated platform based on single-photon microscopy to study complex biomolecular processes.

This study shows that burst-firing-induced astrocyte signaling potentiates glutamatergic transmission onto dopamine neurons in mouse VTA.

A combination of planar porous electrodes, optoacoustic poration and laser scanning allows large-scale recording of intracellular action potentials of cardiomyocyte cultures on CMOS-MEAs.

Here the authors show that the dipole-active phonon resonance of semiconducting nanocrystals can be hybridized by a strongly concentrated terahertz vacuum field of a plasmonic nanocavity, thus achieving strong plasmon–phonon coupling even in the absence of direct terahertz illumination.

In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), formation of cytoplasmic inclusions by mutant protein aggregation is observed. Here the authors show that these inclusions dissolve faster when m⁶A RNA modification is inhibited in ALS cellular models.

Super-resolution microscopy techniques can be challenging for live cells and thick samples. Here, the authors propose a method to reduce beam intensity and remove out-of-focus fluorescence background in image-scanning microscopy (ISM) and its combination with stimulated emission depletion (STED).

Esperti in campo tecnico, sociale e umanistico invitano a una discussione razionale sul futuro del cibo.

The direct conversion of light into work allows the control of micromotors, but typically with low efficiencies and high power density requirements. Here, Maggiet al. demonstrate efficient thermocapillary propulsion of microgears on a liquid–air interface with wide-field, incoherent illumination.

The instability of perovskite solar cells hinders their commercialization. Here, authors report an industrially compatible strain-free encapsulation process based on lamination of highly viscoelastic semi-solid/highly viscous liquid encapsulant adhesive to reduce thermomechanical interfacial stress.

Scheggia et al. show that a specific subpopulation of cortical neurons expressing somatostatin in the prefrontal cortex has a primary role in orchestrating the ability of mice to discriminate positive and negative affective states in others.

Achieving high-efficiency alkaline water electrolyzer operating at large current densities remains a critical challenge. Here the authors report Ru nanoparticle-perturbed Cu nanoplatelets as cathode for hydrogen evolution reaction coupled with stainless steel anode in alkaline electrolyzer with high performance, long-term stability and relatively low-capital expenditures.

Here, the authors upgrade a confocal laser scanning microscope with a single-photon array detector, achieving 40 nm lateral and 60 nm axial localisation precision with 100 photons and a sub-millisecond temporal sampling for real-time single-particle tracking with fluorescence lifetime measurement.

Thanks to €320 million from the EU, a distributed infrastructure for data science is taking shape. The challenge will be to make it sustainable.

Grazie a 320 milioni di euro stanziati dall'UE, prende forma un'infrastruttura distribuita per la scienza dei dati. La sfida sarà quella di renderla sostenibile a lungo termine.

A photonic–plasmonic device — which can be used as a tip for an atomic force microscope and also as a nanoscale light source for near-field Raman excitation — allows topographic, chemical and structural information to be obtained with a spatial resolution of 7 nm.

Geospatial estimates of the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age across 82 low-income and middle-income countries reveals considerable heterogeneity and inequality at national and subnational levels, with few countries on track to meet the WHO Global Nutrition Targets by 2030.

Genetic mosaicism is frequently present in monogenic diseases of the central nervous system. Here the authors design a dual-colour reporter system that can be used to tune the degree of mosaicism in mouse models.

Analysis using a combination of molecular and genetic epidemiological approaches reveals an interaction between female sex and the genetic variant PNPLA3 p.I148M that might explain why some women have increased susceptibility to fatty liver disease after onset of menopause.

Type I interferons have been described to have protumor or antitumor functions depending on context. Here the authors show a protumor function for type I interferons in that they promote cancer stem cells by upregulating the chromatin remodeling factor KDM1B.

Tactile sensors provide robots with the ability to interact with humans and the environment with great accuracy, yet technical challenges remain for electronic-skin systems to reach human-level performance.

The authors report a nanophotonic architecture consisting of a large-area hexagonal array of triskelia motifs, transferring its chirality to non-chiral materials placed atop and sustaining chiroptical resonances along the entire visible spectrum with luminescence dissymmetry factor up to 1 achieved.

Systems comprising water and hydrophobic cavities, with scales ranging from nanometres to millimetres, are shown to expand upon compression, an unusual mechanical property of technological and biological relevance known as negative compressibility.

Via the target-directed miRNA degradation process, RNAs can induce degradation of miRNAs by binding with extensive complementarity. Here, the authors show Serpine1 mRNA as one such RNA that can control the levels of the endogenous miRNA miR-30b/c-5p by modulating miRNA degradation.