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Investigating the inner structure of baryons is important to further our understanding of the strong interaction. Here, the BESIII Collaboration extracts the absolute value of the ratio of the electric to magnetic form factors and its relative phase for e + e − → J/ψ → ΛΣ decays, enhancing the signal thanks to the vacuum polarisation effect at the J/ψ peak.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) onsets in COVID-19 patients with manifestations similar to Kawasaki disease (KD). Here the author probe the peripheral blood transcriptome of MIS-C patients to find signatures related to natural killer (NK) cell activation and CD8+ T cell exhaustion that are shared with KD patients.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

A highly scalable approach is used to generate 3,000 genome-wide maps of transcription factor binding in ten flowering plants, along with multi-species single-nucleus RNA-seq atlases. Together, the results reveal both ancient regulation and key regulatory adaptations.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

The molecular mechanisms that regulate postnatal termination of neurogenesis remain poorly described. Here authors report Prdm16 deletion leads to the retention of radial glia in adulthood and prolonged postnatal neuroblast production.

By controlling the flow or composition of liquids, optofluidics provides numerous possibilities for devices, and so has great potential for transformation optics. Here, a multi-mode optofluidic waveguide is presented, which manipulates light to produce controllable chirped focussing and interference.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Complete sequences of chromosomes telomere-to-telomere from chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, Bornean orangutan, Sumatran orangutan and siamang provide a comprehensive and valuable resource for future evolutionary comparisons.

Drought, fires, and human activities have reversed the accumulation of live biomass carbon in the Northern Hemisphere, with total biomass shifting from a positive to a negative trend around 2016.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

The semileptonic decay channels of the Λc baryon can give important insights into weak interaction, but decay into a neutron, positron and electron neutrino has not been reported so far, due to difficulties in the final products’ identification. Here, the BESIII Collaboration reports its observation in e+e- collision data, exploiting machine-learning-based identification techniques.

URAT1 is the target for gout drugs that block urate reuptake in the kidneys, however current treatments have limitations. Here, authors show how urate-lowering drugs inhibit URAT1, facilitating antigout drug development.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

The sensitivity of mesothelioma to the treatment of immune checkpoint blockade remains elusive. Here this group reports a double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized phase III trial of PD1 inhibitor (Nivolumab) on 332 patients with relapsed mesothelioma, and to uncover determinants of efficacy.

Using multi-ancestry genome-wide association study and fine-mapping, 298 loci and 36 credible genes are identified in the aetiology of bipolar disorder.

Silicon dioxide is one of the most abundant natural compounds and its various crystalline phases are widely studied. Here, using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and theoretical modelling, the authors discover a polymorphic phase transition involving previously unknown triclinic phases of silicon dioxide.

Directed evolution is a powerful method to optimize protein fitness. Here, authors develop an active learning workflow using machine learning to more efficiently explore the design space of proteins.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

Lewis acid additive semicarbazide hydrochloride improves the formation of α-phase FAPbI₃-based films and promotes a homogeneous vertical distribution of A-site cations through a deprotonation–reprotonation process. The upgraded device performance reaches up to 26.12% with high stability, and mini-module perovskite solar cells achieving 21.47% (area, 11.52 cm²) demonstrate great scalability.

Estimates from the Global Dietary Database indicated that 2.2 million new type 2 diabetes and 1.2 million new cardiovascular disease cases were attributable to sugar-sweetened beverages worldwide in 2020, with the highest burdens in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

The ubiquitin ligase, RNF168, promotes DNA break repair but must be regulated to prevent run-away ubiquitin signaling. Here, the authors identify a three-step post-translational cascade regulating RNF168 chromatin removal, acting to suppress excessive signaling and radiosensitivity.

The persistence of myofibroblasts after wound healing is ultimately responsible for scarring. Here, the authors show that fibromodulin enhances interleukin 1β ternary complex formation, promoting myofibroblast apoptosis and providing a potential strategy to mitigate scarring.

The causative agent of sea star wasting disease has been elusive. This study used genetic datasets and experimental exposures to demonstrate that a strain of the bacterium Vibrio pectenicida caused disease and mortality in sea stars.

An adversarial domain translation framework is presented for scalable integration of single-cell atlases across samples, technical platforms, data modalities and species.

The development of robust materials for electrochemical CO₂ conversion requires identification of the activation and deactivation phase after prolonged operation. Here, the authors present a multiscale in situ X-ray scattering methodology to probe the life and death of copper oxide electrocatalysts.

Analysis of whole-genome sequences of 25,465 individuals of European ancestry shows that rare variants contribute substantially to the heritability of height and body mass index.

MRI data from more than 100 studies have been aggregated to yield new insights about brain development and ageing, and create an interactive open resource for comparison of brain structures throughout the human lifespan, including those associated with neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Fault-tolerant manipulation of quantum bits is demonstrated experimentally on an eight-photon cluster state using topological error correction.

A method for analysing STM data enables the recovery of information about quasiparticle scattering in the form of holographic maps. The approach is verified for superconducting cuprates, but may find applications in heavy-fermion materials research.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Linear scaling relationships often hinder the optimization of heterogeneous catalysts. Now, an intermediate spillover strategy is put forward by designing bi-component catalysts, thereby decoupling elementary electron-transfer steps and circumventing linear scaling relationships.

An image analysis framework makes use of rotation-invariant autoencoders and point clouds for morphology-appropriate representation learning to better understand the organization of complex subcellular structures.

This Review discusses multiomic approaches for the characterization and biological understanding of cellular senescence, including detailed case studies on skeletal muscle and adipose tissue that highlight current outstanding issues in the field.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

A wireless, minimally invasive emergency rescue device is developed for the active burst-release of stable particulate forms of peptide and hormone drugs into subcutaneous sites in mice.

Accounting for near-surface temperature gradients leads to estimates for annual CO₂ uptake in the North Atlantic that are 7% higher, based on a comparison of eddy covariance and bulk CO₂ measurements, which is consistent with theory, laboratory assessments and model analysis.

Atomic-scale simulations and microscopy experiments reveal copper surfaces restructure during CO₂ electroreduction, driven by CO adsorption, forming active sites adjacent to defects that are crucial for catalyst activity and product selectivity.

A large-scale meta-analysis across eight biobank datasets identifies common genetic variants associated with mosaic loss of the X chromosome in female participants.

Electromagnetic response of topological materials is described the so called axion electrodynamics which contains additional relations between the fields. Here the authors extend the theory of axion electrodynamics to general optical frequencies and apply it to a realistic topological antiferromagnet.

Control of crystallisation is important in biogenic and pathological biomineralisation. Here, the authors report on phosphorylated molecules that mimic proteins which can suppress calcium oxalate nucleation and irreversibly inhibit crystal growth in ways that significantly deviate from commonly investigated carboxylate-rich modulators of biomineralization.