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China operates a national surveillance program for acute respiratory infections and sampled over 200,000 patients between 2009–2019. Here, the authors present results from this program and describe patterns by age, pathogen type, presence of pneumonia, and season.

Worldwide, the number of only-child families is increasing. This research examines how growing up without siblings affects adult brain structure, function and connectivity, cognition, personality and mental health.

Substantial open-circuit voltage loss and inherent non-radiative recombination hinder efficiency improvements in wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells. Here the authors augment two-dimensional perovskite phases on the surface to promote (100) facet growth on three-dimensional perovskite facets, improving the open-circuit voltage and efficiency of the resulting wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells.

GlyT1 critically regulates excitatory neurotransmission and has thus emerged as a therapeutic target for schizophrenia. This study delineates the binding sites of the clinically trialed drugs iclepertin and sarcosine and elucidates how cholesterol modulates GlyT1 activity.

The possibility of controlling magnetization by spin-polarized current could lead to devices more energy-efficient than traditional ones using external magnetic fields. Now, an even more efficient method has been demonstrated by using electric-field pulses to switch the magnetization in a CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB magnetic tunnelling junction.

Manipulation of controllable polarization evolutions is a big challenge. The authors fabricate the irregular moirés, identifying three distinct types of moiré domains with different patterns, modulating them by external mechanical force disturbing.

The development of non-halogen solvent processed all-small-molecule organic solar cells was challenging. Here, the authors employ a small molecule donor with strong aggregation property to improve molecular pre-aggregation in tetrahydrofuran, realizing ternary device with efficiency of 16.1%.

The authors reveal a complex polarization network in twisted bilayer h-BN, featuring edge polarization topology and sliding ferroelectricity, driven by the interplay of ferroelectric and piezoelectric effects.

Observations indicating the chiral nature of superconducting states in five rhombohedral tetralayer and pentalayer graphene devices without moiré superlattice effects are reported, establishing a pure carbon material for the study of topological superconductivity.

SAT1 is a rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine catabolism. Here, authors discover a non-canonical function of SAT1 regulating H3K27ac marks within genes required for mitosis regulation and chromosome segregation, enabling anchorage-independent cell survival and peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer cells.

The report for the multi-carbon homologation of alkynes with CO₂ to construct important non-conjugated alkynyl-containing acids is rare. Herein, the authors report alkynylcarboxylation of alkenes with CO₂ via photoredox and copper dual catalysis, affording non-conjugated alkynyl acids from readily available alkynes, alkenes and CO₂.

Dopamine agonists increase brain glutathione levels. Here the authors identify noncanonical signalling by Nrf2 as a potential mechanism for the neuroprotective effects of dopamine D2 receptor activation.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

It is a long-standing goal in metallurgy to enhance the strength of materials without sacrificing ductility. Here, the authors demonstrate that applying pre-torsion to a twinning-induced plasticity steel generates a hierarchical nanotwin structure, improving strength whilst retaining ductility.

Metal-free catalysts offer a sustainable option for water oxidation but typically underperform compared to metal-based ones. Here, the authors report an all-organic catalyst that uses a rare oxide pathway to achieve high efficiency and long-term stability, comparable to metal-based systems.

Mesenchymal condensation is essential for cartilage development. Here, the authors report on a cell-adaptable supramolecular hydrogel to replicate the hypoxic environment and structural support needed for cartilage organoid formation and study the metabolic reprogramming involved.

Evolution of accretion disk and corona during outbursts in black hole binary systems is still unclear. Here, the authors show spectral analysis of MAXI J1820+070 and propose a scenario of a dynamical corona to explain the evolution of the reflection fraction observed by Insight-HXMT.

This study of Chinese endometrioid endometrial carcinomas describes the proteogenomic differences between early-onset and late-onset tumors, finding that SIGLEC10 mutation may contribute to tumorigenesis and progestin resistance in early cases.

By incorporating electron-withdrawing trifluoroacetate anions into 3D perovskites, Li et al. report retarded Auger recombination due to a decoupled electron-hole wavefunction at the interface and balanced carrier injection from dense film coverage, enabling NIR LEDs with peak efficiency of 21.45% and radiance of 2409 W sr⁻¹ m⁻².

An artificial nerve that is based on a vertical n-type organic electrochemical transistor with a gradient-intermixed bicontinuous structure can operate at high frequencies and mimic basic conditioned reflex behaviour in animals.

SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses are identified in Malayan pangolins (Manis javanica); these pangolin-associated coronaviruses belonged to two sub-lineages of SARS-CoV-2-related coronaviruses, including one that exhibits strong similarity in the receptor-binding domain to SARS-CoV-2.

The cellular mechanisms underlying acute pain transitions to chronic pain are poorly understood. Here the authors show that the scaffolding protein β-arrestin 2 contributes to these processes via desensitization of NMDA receptors in spinal neurons.

Evidence for a quantum magnetic analogue of a supersolid appears in a recently synthesized antiferromagnet showing a strong magnetocaloric effect of the spin supersolid phase with potential for applications in sub-kelvin refrigeration.

Dual-comb spectroscopy with time–frequency dissemination and high-power frequency combs enables sensing CO₂ and H₂O over a 113 km turbulent open-air path, with a sensing precision as high as 2 parts per million of CO₂.

A hexagonal-close-packed/face-centred-cubic dual-phase titanium–oxygen alloy is lean designed and fabricated by laser-based powder bed fusion using titanium powders with customized oxide-layer thickness. The as-printed alloy achieves an excellent combination of high strength and ductility.

The genetic factors involved in liver injury remain largely unknown. Here, the authors show that ASGR1 deficiency induces liver injury by activating the GP73-mediated ER stress pathway, suggesting its role as a genetic determinant influencing susceptibility to liver injury.

Here, the authors report results from a randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial of the tetravalent SARS-CoV-2 protein vaccine SCTV01E, demonstrating a favorable efficacy profile during a time when predominant viral variants were changing from BA.5 and BF.7 to XBB.

Perovskite solar cells often rely on ordered molecular contacts for favourable charge-carrier transport, and any organizational disruption reduces device efficiency. Now a contact featuring an orthogonal π-skeleton has been shown to afford a high resilience to external stimuli plus long-term durability in accelerated-ageing tests.

Universal properties have previously been observed mostly in the equilibrium physics of many-body systems in the low-energy and low-temperature regime. Now universality is observed at high temperature in the spin dynamics of a solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance system.

The bandgaps of bilayers of two-dimensional C₃N can be modulated by controlling the stacking order of the layers or by applying an electric field.

The authors report a vacancy engineering method to simultaneously optimize carrier concentration and maintain high plasticity, achieving a nearly 10% strain in three-point bending tests and a high ZT of ~0.83 at 343 K in (AgCu)0.998Te0.8Se0.1S0.1.

Exceptional alpine plant diversity exists in the Hengduan Mountains. Here, through genome assembly and population genomics studies, the authors find notable intraspecific divergence among Cushion willow populations isolated by the sky island-like habitats and consider it contributes to speciation and biodiversity.

Controlling Li nucleation and growth is crucial to avoid dendrite formation. Here, Li₂S(111)@Cu is used as Li metal electrode substrate, where a substrate-dependent Li nucleation process and a facet-dependent growth mode are identified, enabling dense Li deposition and improved battery performance.

Hand, foot and mouth disease, caused by enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) infection, is common in children in China. Here, the authors estimate EV-A71 incidence and seroprevalence using data from two longitudinal cohorts and find that, despite high infection rates, a large proportion of children under 6 are susceptible.

Chemotherapeutic agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown modest efficacy in patients with advanced biliary tract cancers (BTCs). Here the authors report the results of a phase II trial of the anti-PD1 antibody sintilimab plus chemotherapy (gemcitabine and cisplatin) as first-line treatment for patients with advanced BTCs.

Li et al. report the sublattice decoupling in Rb₆Re₆S₈I₈ upon compression, in which [Rb₆I₂]⁴⁺ framework can be selectively amorphized while the [Re₆S₈I₆]^4- clusters keep in ordered state, leading to emission-to-photocurrent switching at 15 GPa, which can retain when back to ambient condition.

Given that the human body is composed of many microbial niches, and there have been few reports on the biogeography of the microbiome, the authors analyse the intra-individual inter-organ and intra-organ microbiome of seven surface organs of deceased individuals.

Introducing cosolvent is a common approach in aqueous zinc metal batteries but lack of direct visualization of dynamic interface during Zn-plating/stripping makes mechanistic understanding difficult. Here, authors decouple the interfacial evolution at molecular level and decipher multi-dimensional mechanisms experimentally and theoretically.

Brassica napus is a globally important oil crop, but the origin of the allotetraploid genome and its improvement process are largely unknown. Here, the authors take a population genetic approach to resolve its origin and evolutionary history, and identify candidate genes related to important agricultural traits.