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VRK Serine/Threonine Kinase 2 (VRK2) has shown to play a significant role in apoptosis, cell growth, and immune response. Here the authors report that VRK2 is a key regulator of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which can enhance myelocytomatosis oncogene (MYC) protein stability and transcriptional activity resulting in HCC progression when expressed increased levels

The gut microbiota bacterium Ruminococcus gnavus is implicated in the development of cirrhotic liver encephalopathy through the production of neurotoxins.

Trained and validated on multimodal data from 14.5 million images from multicountry datasets, a foundation model is shown to increase diagnostic and referral accuracy of clinicians when used as an assistant in a trial involving 16 ophthalmologists and 668 patients.

Two phase 2 trials, along with translational analysis of prospective cohorts and experimental analysis, indicate that immunosenescence as a mechanism of resistance to immunotherapy can be overcome with the senolytics dasatinib and quercetin in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Strong-field laser surface passivation achieves orders of magnitude reduction in the corrosion rate of stainless steels.

Critical-sized bone defects are a clinical challenge, with long-term recovery often leading to delayed union or nonunion. Here, Zhang et al. report an engineered ossification center-like organoid which recruits Krt8+ skeletal stem cells and reduces Has1+ fibrotic cells, mimicking developmental bone formation for regeneration of critical-sized bone defects.

Electronic wound bandages have to balance conformability and wound healing properties. Here, the authors develop a smart patch (iSAFE) using biomaterials with bioelectronics to facilitate permeability with waterproofing. This achieves intelligent wound management with real-time wound monitoring and active therapy.

Critical-sized bone defects still present clinical challenges. Here the authors show that transplantation of neurotrophic supplement-incorporated hydrogel grafts promote full-thickness regeneration of the calvarium and perform scRNA-seq to reveal contributing stem/progenitor cells, notably a resident Msx1+ skeletal stem cell population.

Maintaining electrode performance under high power is a major challenge for batteries. Here, authors develop a porous organic framework electrode that intermittently applies low currents to release trapped ions, enabling a repeatable capacity-refreshing strategy and over 60,000 cycles at 20 C-rate.

Intersystem crossing (ISC) is a radiationless process that is important in many photophysical systems. It has now been observed to take place in the exit channel for the reaction of ground-state atomic oxygen with alkylamines.

Criegee intermediates are pivotal in atmospheric chemistry, yet their cationic forms remain poorly understood. Here, the authors present infrared spectra of cationic Criegee intermediates, specifically syn- and anti-CH₃CHOO⁺, using vacuum ultraviolet photoionization coupled with IR photon dissociation spectroscopy.

Practical applications of zinc metal electrodes are hindered by dendrite growth and side reactions. Here, authors propose an electrochemically driven artificial solid interphase forming via in-situ conversion of a phosphate ester-based protective layer. This approach enables stable versatile zinc negative electrodes for aqueous zinc batteries.

C₂H₄ is one of the most important chemical raw materials. Here, the authors report that tuning of pore structure shifts the multi-component gas separation function, enabling one-step production of high-purity C₂H₄ in the quaternary mixture.

The most common oxidation state for lanthanide elements is +3, and, beyond cerium, examples of these elements exhibiting higher oxidation states remain scarce. Now, a molecular complex of praseodymium in the +5 oxidation state has been synthesized; this compound exhibits a unique electronic structure driven by N 2p and Pr 4f orbital contributions.

Atomic-scale insights into how a nanoparticle surface reconstructs under reaction conditions and the impact of the reconstruction on catalytic activity are still lacking. Here the authors reveal that Pd nanocatalysts display oscillatory changes in both their structure and activity during CO oxidation using operando TEM.

An in situ-grown layer of SiO_xN_y contributes to passivating surface defects in inverted organic solar cells, enabling power conversion efficiency of up to 18.49% and an estimated device lifespan of over 16 years.

A large range of inert and non-defective sites in catalysts is a primary factor impeding catalyst activity in acidic CO₂ electroreduction. Here, the authors achieve high HCOOH selectivity and activity in acidic electrolyte by introducing tensile strain to activate inert sites.

Evolution of accretion disk and corona during outbursts in black hole binary systems is still unclear. Here, the authors show spectral analysis of MAXI J1820+070 and propose a scenario of a dynamical corona to explain the evolution of the reflection fraction observed by Insight-HXMT.

Here, by analyzing 306481 microbial genomes from human-associated microbiomes, the authors reveal a largely unexplored biosynthetic landscape of ribosomal peptides (RiPPs), identifying protective peptides that obstruct pathogen biofilms and regulate gut microbiota in disease models, underscoring their significant therapeutic potential.

Here, the authors examine the human anterior cruciate femoral and tibial entheses and identify two thin-graduated mineralization regions with distinct biomolecular compositions and mineral assembly patterns to adapt to their respective mechanical functions.

Alpha-voltaic cells are used as an independent long-lifetime energy source, but their power conversion efficiencies are much lower than the theoretical limit. Here, an aluminium-doped gallium nitride alpha-voltaic cell was found to result in a high-power conversion efficiency of 4.51%.

The Oryza genus comprise two cultivated rice species and 20 extant wild species. Here the authors assemble genomes of 13 representative wild rice species, construct a super pangenome by integrating them with four previously reported genomes in the genus, and reveal the genome evolution and diversity within the genus.

Peach is an economically important fruit crop. Here, the authors carry out a large-scale population genomics analysis of peach, describing its demographic history as well as genes associated with domestication and edibility traits.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

This study classifies rotator cuff tendinopathy into three distinct subtypes that include a hypoxic atrophic, an inflammatory proliferative with white appearance and an inflammatory proliferative with red appearance subtype. Using both clinical data and animal models, the research reveals that glucocorticoid is only effective in treating the latter inflammatory proliferative subtype that has the highest level of neovascularization.

Drug exposure during pregnancy lacks sufficient fetal safety information world-widely. Here, the authors report the establishment a multi-center birth cohort to explore the correlation of maternal drug exposure during pregnancy with pregnancy outcomes.

Reducing interface nonradiative recombination is important for realizing highly efficient perovskite solar cells. Here, the authors employ a bimolecular interlayer to functionalize the perovskite interface, achieving cooperative surface treatment and certified power conversion efficiency of 25.05%.

Identification of a broadly therapeutic antibody h1A6.2 against enteroviruses, which mimics the entry receptor SCARB2 and triggers monocyte/macrophage-dependent Fc effector functions in mice.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

A detailed understanding of particle stopping in matter is essential for nuclear fusion and high energy density science. Here, the authors report one order of magnitude enhancement of intense laser-accelerated proton beam stopping in dense ionized matter in comparison with currently used models describing ion stopping in matter.

Magnetic topological materials have a variety of interesting properties, but very few material realizations exist. Here, the authors report a topological nodal-line semimetal and a topological massive Dirac metal phase in EuAs₃ and demonstrate a magnetism-driven transition between these phases.

Solar-driven artificial food synthesis from CO₂ provides an approach to overcome the limitations of natural photosynthesis, but it is very challenging. Here, the authors report a hybrid electrocatalytic-biocatalytic flow system, coupling photovoltaics-powered electrocatalysis (CO₂ to formate) with a five enzyme cascade platform (formate to sugar), which achieves conversion of CO₂ to C6 sugar (L-sorbose) with a solar-to-food energy conversion efficiency of 3.5%.

Hantaan virus is carried and transmitted by rodents and results in asymptomatic infection, yet transmission to humans’ results in symptomatic disease and development of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Here the authors explore the disparate effects in myeloid cells from mice and humans.

Cryo-EM structures of the human pentameric glycosylphosphatidylinositol transamidase (GPIT) complex reveal its subunit assembly and its catalytic and GPI-binding sites.

Dynamic machine vision requires recognizing the past and predicting the future of moving objects. Here, the authors demonstrate retinomorphic photomemristor networks with inherent dynamic memory for accurate motion recognition and prediction.

Mechanism of lymph node (LN) metastasis induced by tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) remains unclear. Here they demonstrate that a long noncoding RNA LNMAT1 promotes LN metastasis of bladder cancer via recruitment of TAMs through epigenetic regulation of CCL2 expression.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

The authors report a study preparing single atom (M = Pt, Ag, Fe, Co, and Ni) arrays on Au/Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂ nanosheets using electric field polarization techniques. Photocatalytic CO₂ reduction is shown to proceed effectively over Au/Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂.

Observation of a new resonance in the 19-fluorine to 20-neon thermonuclear reaction at the China JinPing Underground Laboratory (over 2 km below ground) may provide clues to observed discrepancies in calcium production in the evolution of the first stars.

Scattering experiments in which two beams nearly co-propagate allow broadly tunable collision energies and can enable cold collisions. Now, such experiments have been combined with the preparation of NO molecules using stimulated emission to generate highly vibrationally excited states for state-to-state scattering studies, testing the theoretical gold standard in a regime not found in nature.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.