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Single-chain polymer dots used as ultrasmall fluorescent probes enable nanometre-resolution imaging and are capable of tracking kinesin-1 stepwise motion in living cells using a standard spinning-disk confocal microscope.

Florfenicol treatment substantially increased the abundance and mobility of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the common carp gut microbiome. The resistome and mobilome profiles failed to return to baseline after the mandated withdrawal time, indicating that this period is insufficient to mitigate the risk of ARG transmission to consumers.

Trained and validated on multimodal data from 14.5 million images from multicountry datasets, a foundation model is shown to increase diagnostic and referral accuracy of clinicians when used as an assistant in a trial involving 16 ophthalmologists and 668 patients.

Two phase 2 trials, along with translational analysis of prospective cohorts and experimental analysis, indicate that immunosenescence as a mechanism of resistance to immunotherapy can be overcome with the senolytics dasatinib and quercetin in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

DeepRETStroke is a deep learning system using retinal photographs to detect silent brain infarction and predict future stroke events.

Here the authors show that the growth plate (GP)-epiphysis interface possesses a strong modulus transition and acts as a mineralization inhibition zone, while the GP-metaphysis interface has a gradual transition and stimulates bone formation. They also identify proteins at these boundaries which inhibit or promote bone mineralization.

The combination of crystallinity, porosity and processability make polymer- metal-organic frameworks interesting materials but their fabrication is challenging. Here, the authors fabricate these materials via an in situ molecular weaving strategy in which the alignment of cationic polymer chains within the metal-organic frameworks is guided by shear forces and coordination interactions.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

Engineered kill-switch-encoding Mycobacterium tuberculosis infects, elicits immune responses and is cleared from immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice, providing a model of controlled tuberculosis infection.

In a multicenter, open-label, randomized phase 2 trial, neoadjuvant chemoradiation with PD-1 blockade elicited a pathological complete response rate superior to that with neoadjuvant chemoradiation alone in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer.

The authors report a flexible thermoelectric film, comprising Ag₂Se and reduced graphene oxide, achieving a power factor of 37 μW cm⁻¹ K⁻² in the film and a normalized power density of over 9.8 μW cm⁻² K⁻² in the out-of-plane device.

Engineered Mycobacterium bovis BCG encoding tetracycline-controlled phage lysin kill switches elicits protective immunity against subsequent M. tuberculosis infection in mice and non-human primates.

The pilot phase of PigGTEx, re-analyzing 5,457 published RNA-seq samples, presents a pan-tissue catalog of molecular quantitative trait loci. Cross-species comparisons identify traits with shared genetic regulation in humans.

High-pressure diamond anvil cell experiments reveal that compression strengthening of nanocrystalline nickel increases as its grain sizes decrease to 3 nanometres, owing to dislocation hardening and suppression of grain boundary plasticity.

Gain of function mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) have been detected in cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The application of an allosteric IDH1 inhibitor in AML cells promotes blast differentiation and restores DNA cytosine methylation patterns.

Here, the authors provide structural and mechanistic insights into psilocybin biosynthesis enzymes, encompassing L-tryptophan-specific decarboxylase PsiD, 4-hydroxytryptamine kinase PsiK, and methyltransferase PsiM. The antidepressant properties of psilocybin intermediates in mice are evaluated.

The complexity of matching ABO blood groups presents a formidable barrier to successful transplantation. Here, the authors show that an enzymatic converted type B kidney was transplanted into a type O brain-dead recipient without hyperacute rejection.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Drug exposure during pregnancy lacks sufficient fetal safety information world-widely. Here, the authors report the establishment a multi-center birth cohort to explore the correlation of maternal drug exposure during pregnancy with pregnancy outcomes.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

An integrative network map of maize (Zea mays L.) that contains genomic, transcriptomic, translatomic and proteomic networks illustrates the landscape of molecular interactions of different functional elements and potential pathway modules in maize.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Mazdutide is a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon receptor dual agonist. Here, the authors show mazdutide was well tolerated over 24 weeks and demonstrated significant and clinically meaningful body weight loss, compared with placebo, in Chinese overweight adults or adults with obesity.

Metabolic dysregulation in the development of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains to be understood. Here the authors identify that a carnitine synthesis enzyme BBOX1, which inhibits TBK1-mTORC1 signaling and glycolysis, is often lost in ccRCC.

A large range of inert and non-defective sites in catalysts is a primary factor impeding catalyst activity in acidic CO₂ electroreduction. Here, the authors achieve high HCOOH selectivity and activity in acidic electrolyte by introducing tensile strain to activate inert sites.

Here, the authors examine the human anterior cruciate femoral and tibial entheses and identify two thin-graduated mineralization regions with distinct biomolecular compositions and mineral assembly patterns to adapt to their respective mechanical functions.

Here, the authors report the realization of room-temperature broadband mid-infrared detectors based on a van der Waals heterostructure with a vertical transport channel, exhibiting specific detectivity and response times comparable or superior to those of commercial cooled HgCdTe photodetectors.

The ability of oleaginous fungi to produce lipids for biofuels remains untapped, in part due to a lack of genetic information required to engineer industrial strains. Zhuet al. present the genome of R. toruloides, and identify transcriptomic and proteomic changes associated with lipid production.

C4 photosynthesis serves as a prominent example of convergent evolution in complex traits. Here, the authors construct chromosome-scale genome assemblies for five Flaveria species and investigate the genomic evolution of C4 photosynthesis. Their findings emphasize the roles of retrotransposition and transcriptional regulation in shaping C4 traits.