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The authors present a 3.5-million-year-long pollen record from the Zoige Basin of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, 3,442 m above sea level. The ~5,000 pollen assemblages retrieved from the core reveal many ecosystem transitions during this time and, when correlated with climatic curves, indicate what effects future warming may have on regional vegetation.

Thermochromic hydrogels are promising media for smart windows, though controlling near-infrared absorption is challenging. Here, the authors use deuterium oxide-based hydrogel to regulate the photophysical properties for thermochromic smart windows.

Efficient adenine base editors for mitochondrial DNA are achieved with evolved TadA deaminases.

Caesium cations promote the coagulation of 2D and 3D perovskite colloids, synchronizing their nucleation kinetics and enabling the formation of homogeneous 2D/3D heterostructured lead-free photovoltaics with a certified power conversion efficiency of 16.65%.

Monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides have many of the properties required for applications in spintronics and valleytronics. Here, the authors experimentally observe intervalley quantum interference involving conduction band Q-valleys in tungsten diselenide.

Inorganic α-Ag₂S semiconductor, which has preferential slip planes in the crystal structure and irregularly distributed bonds of silver atoms preventing cleavage, demonstrates metal-like ductility at room temperature.

Solid-state thermoelectrics can convert waste heat to electrical energy, but applications are hindered by long-term stability issues. Here cobalt is used as a contact layer with direct bonding to thermoelectric MgAgSb, enabling a thermoelectric module to achieve 10.2% conversion efficiency over 1,440 h of thermal cycling.

Liu, Gu, Chen, Zhang et al. propose KUTS, a foundational triage model that integrates knowledge prompt-tuning and uncertainty-based classification to enhance emergency acuity level prediction. The model achieves superior AUC performance across all levels, especially for moderate acuity cases, offering a robust and efficient solution for real-world triage applications.

LRRC31 links DNA repair and radiation efficacy Chen et al. perform a genome-wide CRIPSR screen and identify LRRC31, which interacts with Ku70/80 to suppress DNA repair and enhances the efficacy of radiation therapy in breast cancer brain metastasis.

The regulation of perovskite crystallization is essential for achieving efficient solar cells. Here, authors introduce K₂SnO₃ to induce formation of KI and PbSnO₃ with an ABX₃ structure to enhance film uniformity, achieving efficiency of 28.81% for four-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cells.

A machine learning force-field framework is proposed to predict the density, viscosity and ionic conductivity of liquid electrolytes with accuracy that is higher than classical force fields.

Sodium layered oxide-based cathodes of sodium-ion batteries commonly suffer from structural degradation. Here, authors propose entropy regulation with zero Li/Co usage to suppress lattice strain, enhancing structural stability and improving the electrochemical performance.

Electrocatalysts and assembled gas diffusion electrodes frequently exhibit discrepancies in selectivity during H₂O₂ electrosynthesis. Here, the authors report the pivotal role of key species transport beyond the intrinsic properties of electrocatalysts in dictating electrode-scale H₂O₂ selectivity.

Epitaxial growth of heterostructures composed of materials with large lattice mismatch is challenging. Here, the authors reported the epitaxy of II-VI semiconductor nanorods on plasmonic noble metal, despite a lattice mismatch of more than 40%.

High-phase-purity and stable 1T′-transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers are grown on 4H-Au nanowires by a facile and rapid wet-chemical method, enabling ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection.

The authors present a scalable on-chip parallel intensity modulation and direct detection (IM-DD) data transmission system. This system offers an aggregate line rate of 1.68 Tbit/s over a 20-km-long SMF. For the chromatic dispersion compensation of 40-km-SMFs, the energy consumption is ~0.3 pJ/bit, much less than the commercial 400G-ZR coherent transceivers counterparts.

Ovarian aging has an important role in health and fertility; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying it remain incompletely understood. Here the authors use single-cell and spatial transcriptomics in reproductively young, middle-aged and older human ovarian tissue to elucidate ovarian aging. They describe spatiotemporal changes in ovarian cells and highlight the important regulatory role of FOXP1.

Improved cytosine base editors are created by repurposing an adenine deaminase.

BTR1 is an electrogenic H+ transporter belonging to the bicarbonate transporter family. Here, the authors present structures of BTR1 in different conformations and uncover PIP2 as the activator of BTR1.

The authors develop a quantitative theory to model and tune the electrical transports during critical phase transitions by incorporating both the band broadening effect and carrier-soft TO phonon interactions.

Zheng et al. generate and utilize a biobank of colorectal cancer PDOs to find that high LGR4 is linked to chemoresistance. They develop a monoclonal antibody against LGR4 that activates ferroptosis and is therapeutically beneficial.

Li and colleagues use single-cell techniques to identify features of T cells in the tumor and draining lymph nodes involved in the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade combined with a neoantigen vaccine in preclinical models.

With the development of large scale single cell RNA-seq technology, population-scale scRNA-seq studies are emerging. Here, the authors develop BAMM-SC, a tool for clustering droplet-based scRNA-seq data from multiple individuals simultaneously.

Improved treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) can be achieved by inducing differentiation of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Here, the authors show that zinc finger protein 117 (ZNF117) is a regulator of GSC differentiation via Notch signaling through interaction with JAG2, and can be targeted for therapy.

Protein aggregation has been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases. Here, Wu et al. utilized a general aggregate reporter to identify aggregation-prone proteins and discover that TDP43 aggregates at ER-exit sites (ERES) under proteotoxic stress and impairs ER-to-Golgi transport, linking TDP43 aggregation and ER dysfunction.

Current understanding of how the cropland nitrogen cycle will respond to elevated atmospheric CO₂ is limited. By modelling global nitrogen budgets under elevated CO₂ and providing a monetized impact assessment, this study shows the synergistic effects of elevated CO₂ alone on global croplands.

There are few well-balanced heat storage materials up to date. Here, the authors report that δ-type K0.33MnO₂ ∙ nH₂O can be an excellently balanced heat storage material exhibiting a “water-intercalation mechanism”.

The assembly integrity of dimeric CRL3 E3 ligases are important in various physiological and pathological processes. Here, the authors show that an evolutionarily conserved CUL3 N-terminal motif contributes to both the assembly and activity of dimeric CRL3 E3 ligases.

Here, the authors propose a superlattice cathode with co-(de)intercalation chemistry in a rechargeable aluminum ion battery. The proposed cathode exceeds the theoretical capacity for conventional oxide electrodes with single cation shuttling.

A base editor for precise adenine transversions is demonstrated in mouse embryos.

Xiao et al. report a weaker adaptive immune response in older adults after inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination compared to young adult controls, identifying altered immune cell function and decreased antigen-specific receptor repertoire diversity as potential underlying mechanisms.

Anion exchanger 2 (AE2), a widely expressed Cl- /HCO3 - exchanger, participates in the regulation of intracellular pH. Here, the authors present the structures of AE2 and uncover the regulatory mechanism of PIP2.

A loss of neuronal network resilience results in epilepsy. In this study, the authors show that inhibition of mTORC2 suppresses seizures in animal models with multiple aetiologies, thus enhancing neuronal resilience to the pathological hypersynchrony associated with epilepsy.

A precise adenine base editor variant, ABE9, was developed to generate single adenine transition at pathogenic homopolymeric adenine sites with minimal DNA/RNA off-target effects, suggesting promising potential for gene therapeutics.

Cocrystal engineering combined with macrocycle chemistry has allowed the development of materials with vapochromic characteristics. Here, the authors report the development of a macrocycle cocrystal for the separation of trace solvents.

Ag₂Se-based flexible thermoelectric devices are fabricated by inkjet printing technology, which demonstrate exceptional power generation performance owing to unique patterning capability and high-resolution device integration.

Age-related macular degeneration is a serious eye disease which should be detected as early as possible. Using both fundus images and genetic information, a deep neural network is able to detect the severity of the disease and predict its progression seven years into the future.

Tree planting is a promising yet controversial natural climate solution. Here the authors perform a global analysis of aboveground C accumulation in tree monocultures, identifying key predictors such as prior land use, taxonomic identity, and plant traits.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is highly prevalent in China. Here, the authors carry out multi-region sampling of Chinese ESCC samples, and find recurrent ERBB4 mutations, BRCA1/2 variants, and amplification of CD274; together with high levels of genomic and T-cell receptor heterogeneity.