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Single-agent maintenance PARP inhibition may represent an effective strategy for advanced/metastatic endometrial cancer treatment. Here this randomized phase IIb UTOLA trial evaluates the efficacy and safety of orally administered olaparib in female patients (n = 145) without progression following front-line platinum-based chemotherapy for advanced/metastatic endometrial cancer.

Results from the randomized ProfiLER-02 trial, which compared two gene panels in guiding molecular-based treatment in patients with solid tumors, show that a broader gene panel led to more molecular-based recommended therapies compared to a more limited gene panel.

Both environmental factors and genetic factors influence human immunity. Albert and colleagues leverage data from the Milieu Intérieur Consortium to comprehensively describe the effects of lifestyle, environment and genetics on human innate and adaptive immunity.

A region on chromosome 19p13 is associated with the risk of developing ovarian and breast cancer. Here, the authors genotyped SNPs in this region in thousands of breast and ovarian cancer patients and identified SNPs associated with three genes, which were analysed with functional studies.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome following SARS-CoV-2 infection results from increased serum levels of TGFβ, which impairs the reactivation of virus-specific T cells.

Immune checkpoint blockade could improve the complete cytoreduction rate with standard-of-care neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in patients with ovarian cancer. Here the authors report the results of a randomized phase II trial of NACT alone or in combination with pembrolizumab (anti-PD1) in patients with advanced high-grade serous carcinoma.

Analysis of snRNA genes in individuals with rare disorders identifies de novo and recurrent variants in RNU5B-1 and RNU5A-1, in addition to previously unreported cases with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in RNU4-2.

The interaction between MyD88 and ERK is necessary for RAS-dependent transformation and cancer cell survival. Here, the authors identify benzimidazole compound EI-52 as a disrupter of this interaction and demonstrate its therapeutic efficacy in tumours via ERK dysregulation and the induction of immunogenic cell death.

The final report of the phase 1/2 lentiviral gene therapy trial in severe β-hemoglobinopathies, HGB-205, shows a long-term safety profile and sustained reduction of transfusion requirements in patients with β-thalassemia and of sickle cell crises in patients with sickle cell disease.

The identification of T cell epitopes is a critical step in understanding the immune response to infection and in designing vaccine based approaches. Here the authors introduce a frame work of antigen discovery called MHCvalidator and Epitrack to identify new antigenic features for T-cell COVID-19 vaccines and characterise a novel non-canonical epitope from a truncated Spike variant and mutation of an immunodominant epitope in the BNT162b4 vaccine.

What is the state of trust in scientists around the world? To answer this question, the authors surveyed 71,922 respondents in 68 countries and found that trust in scientists is moderately high.

SARS-CoV-2 evolved into several sublineages harboring different mutations in spike. Here, the authors isolate and characterize nine SARS-CoV-2 variants and show that EG.5.1.3 has highest fitness in nasal epithelial cells, while JN.1 shows lower affinity to ACE2 and higher immune evasion compared to BA.2.86.1.

To consider the impact of sex on adaptation to space, the European Space Agency initiated VIVALDI dry immersion microgravity simulation in female subjects. Here, the authors show marked deconditioning with 5-day exposure, and propose comprehensive multi-system physiological assessment in 18 healthy women.

Pten is a tumour suppressor gene that is associated with highly invasive cancers such as glioblastoma. Here the authors show that PTEN loss results in increased migratory behaviour, which can be countered by targeting AMPK activity.

Fine-mapping of causal variants and integration of epigenetic and chromatin conformation data identify likely target genes for 150 breast cancer risk regions.

Here, integrating ribosome profiling, RNA-seq and proteomics to reveal transcriptional and post-translational regulation in HIV-infected T cells, the authors show that non-AUG translation of viral upstream ORFs elicits distinct immune responses and regulates viral gene expression in a DDX3-dependent manner.

Breast cancer risk for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers varies depending on other genetic factors. Here, the authors perform a case-only genome-wide association study and highlight novel loci associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation carriers.

Therapeutic antibodies, and sera from immunocompromised individuals prophylactically treated with therapeutic antibodies, differ in neutralizing activity against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 sublineages, which could have implications for pre-exposure and post-exposure treatment.

A newly identified gene, sex chromosome activation (SOA), is a master regulator of dosage compensation in Anopheles gambiae.

The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant partially evades neutralization by several monoclonal antibodies and by sera from individuals who have had COVID-19, but two doses of anti-COVID-19 vaccines still generate a strong neutralizing response.

Sedimentary DNA can be used to infer how organisms responded to changing environmental conditions over millennia. Here, the authors use sedimentary DNA of micro-eukaryotes in low-elevation (human-impacted) and high-elevation (more pristine) lakes to show how human influences have altered lake community composition in the Anthropocene.

Newborns need to learn their mother's call before she can take off on a fishing trip.

The signaling-specific inhibitor AEF0117 selectively inhibits CB₁ activation by THC and reduces self-administration and subjective effects of cannabis in clinical trials, making it a potential treatment for cannabis use disorder.

In this work, Planas et al. report that Omicron subvariants BA.2.75.2, BA.4.6, and BQ.1.1 escape neutralization from monoclonal antibodies, and sera from vaccinated individuals with or without Omicron BA.1/2 or BA.5 breakthrough infection.

The transcription of repetitive elements such as retrotransposons is normally repressed, to prevent their unchecked dissemination throughout the genome. This study shows that heat stress induces the transcription of the ONSEN retroelement. The accumulation of ONSEN is suppressed by small interfering RNAs. When siRNAs were absent, new ONSEN insertions were found in the progeny of heat-stressed plants, having transposed during differentiation. These results imply a memory of stress that can be counteracted by siRNAs.

Implantation of a multielectrode paddle that allows personalized electrical stimulation to all regions of the spinal cord involved in leg and trunk movements rapidly restores motor function in patients with spinal cord injury with complete paralysis.

In this study, authors use combinatory bacteriophage-antibiotic therapy, as treatment for extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a toddler post liver transplantation. They report on the clinical and microbiological improvement, and present their investigation on how bacterial phage resistance did not result in therapeutic failure.

Targeted therapies matched to genomics improved progression-free survival when genomic alterations were classified as level I/II (according to ESCAT), and genomics should thus be driven by target actionability in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Sera from convalescent individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 and from individuals vaccinated with BNT162b2 have reduced ability to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 variants B1.1.7 and B.1.351, but antibody potency against the variants increases after two vaccine doses.

An isolate of the Omicron variant of SARS-COV-2 was completely or partially resistant to neutralization by all nine clinically approved monoclonal antibodies tested.

Oligodendroglial tumours are characterized into three different molecular subtypes. Here, the authors use genomic data to identify a further three subgroups of 1p/19q co-deleted tumours and demonstrate an association with an aggressive phenotype.

Casparian strips are extracellular diffusion barriers in plant roots. Here, Barbosa et al. provide evidence that CASP proteins shape Casparian strips by displacing vesicle tethering factors and organizing cell wall formation

Genomic analyses from the ongoing outbreak of Marburg virus disease in Rwanda point to a single zoonotic origin for the outbreak.

Great progress has been made in topochemistry of mobile oxygen anions, but metastable compounds have not yet been achieved by deintercalation of sulfur anions. Here, the authors prepare metastable oxychalcogenide phases by taking advantage of redox-reactive sulfur dimers embedded in a layered oxysulfide.