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Here, Ratmann et al. show how viral deep sequencing data can be used to reconstruct HIV-1 transmission networks and to infer the direction of transmission in these networks.

Polymersomes are used as a delivery vehicle for protein, nucleic acid adjuvant and siRNA payloads by enhancing the encapsulation efficiency through copolymer design.

G49, a dual glucagon/glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, triggers an inter-organ crosstalk between adipose tissue, pancreas and liver, leading to brown fat activation with the final outcomes of increased energy expenditure and body weight loss.

An integrated structural biology approach is utilized to elucidate the solution structure of the polypyrimidine-tract binding protein 1 (PTBP1/hnRNP I) complexed with an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) RNA fragment from encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV).

The number of ligand binding sites in the dopamine transporter is enigmatic due to conflicting data from structures and molecular pharmacology. Here, force spectra reveal the position and dynamics of a previously invisible transient site.

Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

Mass cytometry can be used to scale up multiplexed serology testing, as shown for the simultaneous detection of antibody levels against multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins in hundreds of serum samples.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports the observation of the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair. This process is related to vector-boson scattering and allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed.

A method and accompanying software tool enables automated modeling of large macromolecular complexes using experimental crosslinking mass spectrometry data as distance restraints, as demonstrated for the 17-subunit yeast RNA polymerase III complex.

Analysing 27 years of freshwater invertebrate biomonitoring data from European rivers, the authors show that although some commonly used biodiversity metrics can reflect anthropogenic impacts at broad spatial scales, there was little consistency among other metrics in accurately reflecting community responses.

An investigation using various methods reports an association between adeno-associated virus 2 and paediatric hepatitis of unknown aetiology.

Improvements in European freshwater biodiversity occurred mainly before 2010 but have since plateaued, and communities downstream of dams, urban areas and cropland were less likely to experience recovery.

Juxi Leitner recounts how he and his team took part in — and won — the 2017 Amazon Robotics Challenge and reflects on the importance of solving big picture problems in robotics.

Du et al. genetically engineer bacteriophages into heterologous effector phage therapeutics, enabling dual phage- and effector-mediated targeting for a two-pronged attack against bacterial pathogens.

A case–control study investigating the causes of recent cases of acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology in 32 children identifies an association between adeno-associated virus infection and host genetics in disease susceptibility.

A multifunctional catalytic system composed of ruthenium nanoparticles immobilized on a silica surface decorated with an amine-functionalized polymer is used for the hydrogenation of biomass-derived furfural acetone and related substrates. The presence or absence of CO₂ in the gas feed alters the selectivity of the hydrogenation—producing either a ketone or a saturated alcohol, respectively—in a fully reversible manner.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports a measurement of the ratio of the decay rates of W bosons to τ leptons and muons, in agreement with universal lepton couplings as postulated in the standard model of particle physics.

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider reports a search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in decays of Z bosons into a τ lepton and an electron or muon of opposite charge.

Important biomolecules from the birth of our Solar System such as amino acids and polyaromatic hydrocarbons were analysed in the UK meteorite fall Winchcombe by synchrotron and electron microscopy techniques with unique high energy resolution.

Although diagnosis of urinary tract infections has improved through the use of point-of-care molecular technologies, they are however limited by poor specificity and / or sensitivity, and requirement of laboratory resources. In this work, the authors develop a bacteriophage-based diagnostic assay for the detection of prevalent uropathogens.

The measurement of the total cross-section of proton–proton collisions is of fundamental importance for particle physics. Here, the first measurement of the inelastic cross-section is presented for proton–proton collisions at an energy of 7 teraelectronvolts using the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider.

Quantum electrodynamics predicts a rare process in which light is scattered by light. The ATLAS Collaboration reports signs of this elusive effect in the collisions of ultra-relativistic lead ions.

Ten years after the discovery of the Higgs boson, the ATLAS  experiment at CERN probes its kinematic properties with a significantly larger dataset from 2015–2018 and provides further insights on its interaction with other known particles.

A key step in the assimilation of formate is its reduction into formaldehyde. Here, the authors develop a two-enzyme route in which formate is activated into formyl phosphate and reduced by NAD(P)H into formaldehyde and confirm its functionality in vitro and in vivo.

Analysing seabed imagery data spanning 5,000 km and >50,000 megafaunal specimens across the Clarion–Clipperton Zone abyssal plain in the northeast Pacific, the authors identify two distinct biogeographical provinces in which taxa that are dependent on calcium carbonate structures are restricted to depths above 4,300–4,880 m.

Ribosome biogenesis is crucially dependent on proper rRNA folding, a process assisted by chaperones. Here the authors reveal how Puf6 promotes correct rRNA folding at low temperature, a condition where mis-paired RNA folding intermediates frequently accumulate.

Exercise modulates brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism in murine models. Here the authors report that there is no evidence that 24 weeks of supervised exercise training modulates BAT volume or function in young sedentary adults in the ACTIBATE randomized controlled trial.

An organic LED that acts as an electrically driven source of surface plasmons is reported. The device generates a freely propagating beam of surface plasmons and has potential applications in integrated organic photonics and sensing.

Myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) increase muscle growth and regeneration. Here, Hinkel et al. show that MRTFs also promote microvessel growth and maturation in chronic ischaemic disease of the heart or peripheral muscle by increasing the expression of the pro-angiongenic factors, CCN1 and CCN2.