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This scoping review examines previous experience in performing silent evaluations of clinical AI applications, collecting evidence from 75 studies on implementation features and the sociotechnical context.

A late onset of inner-core growth is inferred from ultra-low palaeomagnetic field strengths about 565 million years ago, as measured in magnetic inclusions in Ediacaran crystals.

The inability of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells to shift the circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus during daytime is caused by light-dependent depolarization block of these cells.

In an arm of an ongoing multicenter phase 2 trial testing different therapies in patients with genetically profiled grade 2 or 3 meningiomas, treatment with an oral CDK4/6 inhibitor met the primary endpoint for progression-free survival at 6 months in patients with CDK or NF2 alterations.

Here, the authors examine the mechanisms behind cheatgrass’s successful invasion of North American ecosystems. Their genetic analyses and common garden experiments demonstrate that multiple introductions and migrations facilitated cheatgrass local adaptation.

Here authors show loss of AKAP11, a strong genetic risk factor for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, disrupts PKA proteostasis and signaling, leading to widespread transcriptomic alterations across the brain, particularly in striatal neurons, as well as altered behavior.

Researchers demonstrate a resonance-free Fabry-Perot cavity using a single holographic phase mask. By converting Gaussian input into a broadband mix of Laguerre-Gaussian modes, the cavity remains stable despite  ~350% length changes, paving the way for highly reliable optical sensors.

De novo and inherited dominant variants in genes encoding U4 and U6 small nuclear RNAs are identified in individuals with retinitis pigmentosa. The variants cluster at nucleotide positions distinct from those implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Energy demand and intensive computation limit the use of machine learning on-device for wearables. Here, the authors deploy edge AI in a wearable form factor to provide clinical-grade gait-based frailty assessment over weeks with no interaction required from the wearer at any point.

The authors report the observation of diffraction-free space-time surface plasmon polaritons propagating along straight paths at metal-dielectric interfaces. This enhances the control of wavepacket propagation for nanophotonics applications.

Genetic mapping in mice identified Homer1a as a key modifier of attention. Developmental downregulation in the prefrontal cortex enhances inhibitory tone, neural signal to noise and adult attentional performance, revealing a new control mechanism and target.

The Greenland shark, the longest-living vertebrate, inhabits the dim, frigid depths of the Arctic Ocean. Despite its extreme lifespan, this study finds that its vision remains intact and well-adapted for life in dim light, revealing remarkable preservation of sensory function across centuries.

This study uses single-nucleus RNA sequencing to analyze lung tissue from 141 individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Distinct patterns of spatially resolved changes in cell composition and cell states that correlate with clinical features are highlighted.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Organ banking via vitrification could transform transplantation but has never been achieved at human organ scales. Here, the authors demonstrated successful vitrification in ≤ 3L CPA volumes and ~<1L porcine liver with successfully rewarming ≤ 2L CPA volumes using nanowarming.

Effective early detection and intervention strategies for lung cancer are urgently needed. The authors of this Review summarize the current state of lung cancer screening and provide future directions for optimal implementation, including biomarker development. They also discuss precancer interception strategies that could transform both lung cancer prevention and early intervention.

In this study, researchers show that season and exposure to light affect different nuclei of the amygdala and that these effects are related to mood. This may explain in part the benefits of light therapy for mood disorders.

The distribution of long-lived radiogenic isotopes along the world's mid-ocean ridges can be used to map geochemical domains, reflecting contrasting refilling modes of the upper mantle. Refilling of the upper mantle in the Atlantic and Indian domains is slow and confined to localized upwellings, whereas in the Pacific, upwellings are comparatively much wider and more rapid.

Humans rely on both learned value and action affordances to decide how to act. This study shows that these systems compete under a dynamic brain controller, with the presupplementary motor area and anterior cingulate cortex guiding which system dominates.

The genetic basis of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome remains poorly understood. Here, the authors present a multi-ancestry GWAS of this syndrome, identifying eight loci linked with higher risk.

The emergence of potent depletion therapies for the treatment of refractory autoimmunity has led to the concept of immune reset. Understanding whether immune reset equates to cure, and whether cure is achievable through non-depleting approaches, depends on the identification of immune biomarkers for measuring healthy and pathological immunity.

RNAi therapy has huge potential but effective delivery to target location is a major issue. Here, the authors report on the delivery of RNAi to tumors using self-agglomerating nanohydrogels that can overcome the different delivery barriers and supply multiple RNAi payloads.

Wave control in complex multi-resonant environments is a daunting task across wave-based technologies. Here, it is shown that a time- and energy efficient in-situ adjoint optimization methodology can harness the myriad scattering processes to achieve a variety of wave-functionalities.

Engineering polymerases to synthesize alternative genetic polymers remains a challenging problem in synthetic biology. Using DNA shuffling and droplet microfluidics, the current study provides a short evolutionary path from a DNA polymerase to one with robust RNA-synthesizing activity.

The authors study the field-induced ferromagnetic state of MnBi_2-xSb_xTe₄ by quantum oscillations and high-field Hall effect measurements. They confirm a single pair of type-II Weyl nodes, the long-sought “ideal” Weyl semimetal.

Here, a combination of forward genetics and genome-wide association analyses has been used to show that variation at a single genetic locus in Arabidopsis thaliana underlies phenotypic variation in vegetative growth as well as resistance to infection. The strong enhancement of resistance mediated by one of the alleles at this locus explains the allele's persistence in natural populations throughout the world, even though it drastically reduces the production of new leaves.

Synthetic biology might enable the bottom-up construction of synthetic genomes, offering a foundation for building synthetic cells. This Review discusses strategies for rational genome design, genome-scale organization, and integration of experimental and computational methods to realize a fully synthetic cell.

The advances in artificial intelligence are permeating most scientific domains, and heterogeneous catalysis is no exception. This Perspective discusses the current state and future prospects of AI in heterogeneous catalysis, from the development of an AI-ready data ecosystem to multimodal foundation models and autonomous labs.

This study introduces an ion mobility–mass spectrometry method for de novo glycan structure identification, using a self-expanding database that reduces reliance on synthetic reference standards.

The discovery of a vast reservoir of primordial neutral hydrogen gas surrounding a young galaxy cluster just one billion years after the Big Bang offers new insight into how the first large cosmic structures assembled.

Genomic and phenomic screens of 827 wheat landraces from the A. E. Watkins collection provide insight into the wheat population genetic background, unlocking many agronomic traits and revealing haplotypes that could potentially be used to improve modern wheat cultivars.

Realizing strong magnon-phonon coupling (i.e., magnon-polaron formation) is challenging and typically involves a material or cavity that confines the magnon to a small volume. Here, by combining a YIG film with a ZnO acoustic resonator, Künstle and coauthors achieve magnetic field tuneable magnon-polarons in a virtually infinite magnetic film, and succeed in observing Rabi-like oscillations in the time domain.

Functional material design can be enhanced by taking inspiration from nature. This Primer describes how micropatterns inspired by the natural world can be designed, fabricated and used to solve technical challenges.

This study shows that non-invasive ultrasound to the human nucleus accumbens can modulate deep brain activity and enhance reward-guided learning, offering a potential alternative to invasive neuromodulation therapies.

Combining high-resolution mapping of foliar and herbivore faecal sodium concentrations across Africa, the authors show that plant-derived sodium availability constrains megaherbivore densities at a continental scale.

This study introduces a novel framework for generating high-resolution, in-situ estimates of agricultural evapotranspiration (ET) using satellite-based ET data combined with machine learning. This approach is leveraged to assess the water-saving potential of various management strategies and in calculating irrigation efficiency across California’s Central Valley.

Battery health can rapidly decline after subtle early warning signs. Here the authors embed machine learning into test stations to read voltage–current profiles for state perception and adjusting charging strategies, extending solid-state battery life by suppressing harmful interface reactions.

Ramaglia and colleagues show that aberrant formation of B cell-rich lymphoid structures in the brain meninges is associated with high CXCL13:BAFF ratios. Inhibiting the kinase BTK reduces the lymphotoxin signaling needed to sustain such structures, lowers CXCL13:BAFF ratios and reduces cortical tissue injury.

The reconstructed Holocene Australian summer monsoon in this study, together with the Asian monsoon records, show that the coupling evolution of Holocene Asian-Australian monsoon was dominated by the thermal imbalance between two hemispheres.

A plume of pollutants in the upper atmosphere above Germany is identified using lidar observations of lithium concentrations and can be traced back to the uncontrolled re-entry of a specific rocket launch through atmospheric modelling

Using activity-based chemical probes, oncogenic IDH1-R132H but not the wild type was found to acquire a unique autopalmitoylation at C269. This mutant-specific modification is critical for the enzyme’s abnormal activity in cancer.

Respiration enhances cerebrospinal fluid flow through mechanical and autonomic pathways. Inhale length and diaphragm motion influence its displacement and net flow, identifying a modifiable, noninvasive mechanism relevant to brain homeostasis.

cAMP export by ABCC4 is critical for localized signaling. Here, the authors revealed that PKA activation drives ABCC4 to the plasma membrane and organizes a PDZ-dependent protein network with actin cytoskeleton and scaffolds, like SCRIB, that stabilize the transporter and optimize cAMP efflux. Furthermore, the authors show that the potent ABCC4 inhibitor Ceefourin 2 disrupts this network, revealing a non-canonical mechanism of ABCC4 inhibition.

PU.1^low CD28-expressing microglia may act as suppressive cells in Alzheimer’s disease, mitigating its progression by reducing neuroinflammation and amyloid plaque load, indicating potential immunotherapeutic approaches for treatment.

Proactive disease prevention must play a larger role in public health strategies. This will require enhanced efforts to enable the development and use of preventive medicines at scale, for the right patient group at the right time. Here, we describe regulatory and drug development recommendations to help unlock the potential of disease prevention.

Here, the authors present archaeology of the Namorotukunan site in Kenya’s Turkana Basin that demonstrates adaptive shifts in hominin tool-making behaviour spanning 300,000 years and increasing environmental variability. They contextualize these findings with paleoenvironmental proxies, dating, and geological descriptions.