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Erbium ions offer a way to integrate light emitters into silicon electronics, but their radiative decay time is too slow for effective light modulation. Here, the authors use phase changes in vanadium dioxide to enable all-optical modulation more than a thousand times faster than the erbium excited-state lifetime.

This study identifies TriDTCs as a family of terpene cyclases responsible for harzianol I and wickerol A biosynthesis in Trichoderma fungi and are found to regulate Trichoderma’s chlamydospore and Aspergillus oryzae’s sclerotia formation through producing harzianol I.

Little is known about the mean free path spectra of lattice vibrations—known as phonons—that carry heat in non-metallic solids. Regner et al. demonstrate a technique that enables measurement of these spectra over an unprecedented range, enabling a more complete picture of heat flow in non-metals.

Obsidian lava flows accompanied some of Earth’s most powerful eruptions, yet an active advancing flow field has never been observed. Tuffen et al.present four-dimensional models of the lava flow following the 2011 eruption of Cordón Caulle, Chile, and provide new insights into silicic lava flow dynamics.

Understanding how corals may react to ocean acidification is hampered due to a lack of insight into how corals source the inorganic carbon required to build their skeletons. Here, the authors show that corals are able to concentrate dissolved carbon and that bicarbonate contributes to the carbon pool used to build their skeletons.

Myeloid-specific mechanotransduction ablation downregulates pro-fibrotic fibroblast transcriptional profiles to reduce scar formation in human cells

Efficient, large-scale genomic analysis is facilitated on the cloud by a computational tool with error-diagnosing and self-healing capabilities.

REMETA is a method for meta-analyzing gene-based associations using summary statistics, integrating with REGENIE and improving computational efficiency for large studies with many phenotypes.

Jonathan Adams is invigorated by a study on the nitty-gritty of research, from publishing to conferences.

A report from the first 2,000 newborns enrolled in the Early Check program, which offered genome screening covering 198 genes associated with early-onset diseases, shows the feasibility and potential clinical utility of the approach, leading to 28 true positive results.

The International Brain Laboratory presents a brain-wide electrophysiological map obtained from pooling data from 12 laboratories that performed the same standardized perceptual decision-making task in mice.

Vaccination efficiency in HIV infection is hampered by the low immunogenicity of HIV-1 Env glycoprotein (Env). Here authors optimise the neutralising antibody response to Env by stabilizing the Env trimers in the context of expressing them in a Newcastle Disease Virus-like particle and providing conditions that mimics replicating virus infection.

Heavily doping silicon with phosphorus produces a dense population of metallic conduction electrons and localized magnetic moments. Low-temperature measurements show evidence of strongly correlated state.

ZF5.3 is a mini-protein that escapes endosomes efficiently. Work to understand the underlying mechanism now reveals that ZF5.3 unfolds at pH values lower than 5.5 through protonation of Zn(II)-bound His residues. Unfolding promotes pH-dependent interactions with a unique lipid present in late endolysosomal membranes and is essential for endosomal escape.

Available wheat genomes are annotated by projecting Chinese Spring gene models across the new assemblies. Here, the authors generate de novo gene annotations for the 9 wheat genomes, identify core and dispensable transcriptome, and reveal conservation and divergence of gene expression balance across homoeologous subgenomes.

Selective C–H amination of electronically diverse (hetero)arene substrates is reported using an electrochemical strategy. Two convergent mechanistic pathways enable the tolerance of both electron-rich and electron-deficient (hetero)arenes. When electron-deficient substrates are used the process proceeds through electrophilic N-radical dicationic intermediates, following amine oxidation, whereas electron-rich substrates undergo arene oxidation.

The electrical properties of nanostructured networks are often dominated by junctions between the particles. Here, Gabett et al. develop transport models and utilise impedance spectroscopy to quantify the factors limiting conduction in these systems.

TUG protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment, forms biomolecular condensates, and organizes and stabilizes these membranes to support their function in diverse secretory and degradative trafficking pathways.

To better understand the etiology of frailty, the authors perform a large genetic study. They identified 45 additional variants and implicated MET, CHST9, ILRUN, APOE, CGREF1 and PPP6C as potential causal genes, linking frailty to immune regulation, metabolism and cellular signaling.

Electron distributions exhibit velocity-space signatures indicative of the rapid energy released by magnetic reconnection explosions occurring in Earth’s magnetosphere and in plasmas throughout the universe. Here, the authors discover a smile-shaped signature in the electron gradient distribution associated with reconnection occurring at Earth’s dayside magnetopause boundary.

Most of the ocean kinetic energy is contained in the large scale geostrophic currents and the pathways of energy toward dissipation are still in question. Here, the authors show that flow-topography interactions can generate submesoscale wakes and provide an efficient route to energy dissipation.

In this Review, the authors describe and discuss how advances in artificial intelligence, genomics, radiomics and cytology can be integrated into decision-making processes to improve the management of bladder cancer.

Quantum walks are a potential framework for developing quantum algorithms, but have so far been limited to analogue quantum-simulation approaches that do not scale. Here, the authors provide a protocol for simulating exponentially large quantum walks using a polynomial number of quantum gates and qubits.

Controlling nuclear spin patterns is important to manage decoherence and control electron spin currents in spintronic devices. This study demonstrates the optical creation of rewritable patterns of nuclear polarization in gallium arsenide without ferromagnets, lithographic patterning or field gradients.

Parity induces an accumulation of CD8⁺ T cells, including cells with a tissue-resident-memory-like phenotype within human normal breast tissue, offering long-term protection against triple-negative breast cancer.

Blue light-emitting diodes with a light extraction efficiency of 73% are reported. The InGaN–GaN devices use a photonic-crystal structure for superior optical mode control; their performance has been characterized experimentally and modelled theoretically.

To date, experimental induction of hair cell regeneration in mammals leads to immature and poorly differentiated hair cells. Here the authors show that the transcription factor prdm1a plays a crucial role in specifying sensory hair cell types with loss of prdm1a in zebrafish leading to misspecification of hair cells in the sensory lateral line system into ear hair cells.

Preventing endosomal damage sensing or using lipids that create reparable endosomal holes reduces inflammation caused by RNA–lipid nanoparticles while enabling high RNA expression.

Model patchy colloids with directional bonding are designed that assemble into icosahedral quasicrystals through the propagation of an icosahedral network of bonds and may be realized using DNA origami particles.

Li-Fraumeni syndrome leads to an increased predisposition to tumour development. Here, the authors develop a support vector machine model to predict early cancer risk in individuals using peripheral blood DNA methylation profiles.

ERα^vlVMH neurons mediate the inhibitory role of 17β-oestradiol on prolactin production, and this inhibition is lifted in lactating mice to promote lactation-associated metabolic adaptations.

From artificial-intelligence algorithms to zebrafish, this book take a precautionary approach to assessing how sentient such entities are.

Genome-wide CRISPRi screens for modulators of androgen receptor (AR) protein levels using live-cell quantitative endogenous AR fluorescence reporters identify PTGES3 as a new regulator of AR stability and function in prostate cancer.

Shi and Li et al. show that SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants have increased capacity to infect primary human nasal tissue using a distinct entry route that depends on matrix metalloproteinases as opposed to TMPRSS2 used by previous variants, which enables evasion from antiviral factors.

Intercellular mitochondria transfer has recently attracted substantial attention, both from a fundamental and therapeutic point of view. At the same time, the topic continues to be met with scepticism. In this Viewpoint, different experts in mitochondrial biology share their personal view on the topic.

AI copilots are integrated into brain–computer interfaces, enabling a paralysed participant to achieve improved control of computer cursors and robotic arms. This shared autonomy approach offers a promising path to increase BCI performance and clinical viability.

Robots benefit from touch perception, but sensing multi-directional forces is challenging. Here, the authors introduce a theory using taxel value isolines for superresolution sensing, improving sensor design and performance under shear forces.

¹³⁴Ce and ¹³⁴La have great potential as companion diagnostic isotopes for radiotherapeutics labelled with α-emitting ²²⁵Ac and ²²⁷Th. Now, by controlling the Ce^III/Ce^IV redox couple, the large-scale production, purification and characterization of ¹³⁴Ce- and ¹³⁴La-based radiolabels has been achieved and their use for in vivo positron emission tomography is demonstrated.

How lung epithelial and endothelial cells develop into alveoli is a major knowledge gap, with implications for lung repair in preterm infants. Here, the authors establish a transcriptomic atlas of human neonatal lung disease, identifying semaphorins as pivotal mediators of organogenesis and injury.

Alterations in the tumour suppressor genes STK11 and/or KEAP1 can identify patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer who are likely to benefit from combinations of PD-(L)1 and CTLA4 immune checkpoint inhibitors added to chemotherapy.

Here, the authors created a virtual reality task for monkeys and mice to explore if internal states like attention are similar across species. Their facial expressions during the task were similar, suggesting facial expressions reflect shared internal states.

Two studies suggest that T cells with stem-cell-like properties could work with antibody therapies to control HIV after a person stops taking antiviral pills.

Gut bacteria digest dietary fiber and release molecules as energy for the host. Here, Yu et al. find that the ability of certain gut bacteria to digest different fibers influences host consumption of food containing these fibers.

In this study, the capabilities of fragment-based Grand Canonical Nonequilibrium Candidate Monte Carlo (GCNCMC) to uncover experimentally validated, occluded fragment binding sites is demonstrated. The method also accurately samples multiple binding modes and calculates binding affinities without any prior structural knowledge.

Enterololin is a narrow-spectrum antibiotic that selectively kills Enterobacteriaceae in vitro and in a mouse model of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli gut infection. AI-guided mechanism-of-action studies identified LolCDE as its molecular target.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) gains entry into host cells via envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2. Here, El Omari et al.present the crystal structure of the N terminus of the E1 ectodomain of HCV and show that it adopts a different fold than predicted.

A free-living trial in people with overweight or obesity found that minimally processed diets led to greater weight loss and cardiometabolic improvements than ultraprocessed diets following UK healthy eating guidelines at 8 weeks.