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Polymer electrolytes are promising candidates as separators in lithium metal batteries. Here, authors reveal the existence of local lithium-based crystallites inside the polymer electrolyte in a lithium symmetric cell. A combination of unique operando wide-angle X-ray scattering with a nano-sized beam and complementary spectroscopic techniques identifies these crystallites as lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, and even metallic lithium. It is shown that these crystallites lower the ionic conductivity and the transference number.

A complementary analysis of DESI DR2 distance measurements along with supernova and CMB data shows consistent, moderate evidence that dark energy changes over time rather than behaving as a simple cosmological constant.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

FLOWERING LOCUS M (FLM) is known as a repressor of Arabidopsis flowering. Here, the authors show that a single intronic substitution of FLM modulates leaf color and plant growth strategy along the leaf economics spectrum, as well as plays a role in plant adaptation.

The emergence of resistant subpopulations often underlies the development of resistance to cancer therapy. Here, using a DNA barcoding approach, the authors demonstrate EGFR TKI treatment in non-small cell lung cancer enriches for resistant subpopulation which can be prevented by treatment with the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib via inhibition of MKNK, STAT3 and MCL1.

A study of millions of couples shows spouses often share psychiatric disorders. This pattern is consistent across cultures (Taiwan and Nordic countries) and has persisted for generations, impacting how these disorders are inherited.

Cocaine chemogenetics in rats is a selective approach for countering drug reinforcement by clamping dopamine release in the presence of cocaine.

In a large multinational cohort study, maternal, gestational or pregestational diabetes was associated with only a small-to-moderate risk of ADHD in offspring, contrary to previous estimates that showed stronger effect sizes, attributing the differences in findings to confounding by shared genetic and familial factors.

The direct carbonylation of C-H bonds on gaseous hydrocarbon feedstocks provides a straightforward approach to accessing short-chain carboxylic acid derivatives. Here, the authors report a direct carbonylation of methane, ethane, and propane under blue LED irradiation at ambient temperature, synthesizing short-chain carboxylic acid derivatives.

Photonic integrated circuits allow laser displays to be flattened into a compact form factor while improving efficiency and colour performance.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Cellular and molecular heterogeneity contributes to the insufficient immunogenicity of glioblastoma (GBM), ultimately leading to limited immune cell infiltration. Here this group reports a GBM therapeutic strategy by activating endogenous cGAS-STING signaling pathway by modulating mitochondrial electron transport chain thereby augmenting the immune responsiveness of GBM.

OmiCLIP is a visual–omics foundation model that integrates histology and spatial transcriptomics. The associated Loki platform offers accurate and robust tools for alignment, annotation, cell-type decomposition and spatial gene expression prediction.

Lung and thymoma cancer patients often suffer from autoimmunity and related painful neuropathies. Here the authors show that patient-derived anti-CRMP5 autoantibody binds to rat dorsal root ganglia to cause pain, that immunizing rats with CRMP5 recapitulates these phenotypes, and that depleting rat B cells with anti-CD20 ameliorates related symptoms.

These authors contributed equally.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Using globally consistent measurements and high-resolution modelling, this study finds that black carbon emissions are generally underestimated in the Global South.

In divergent carbonylative transformations using identical starting substrates, ligand-assisted transition metal catalysis has dominated selectively controllable transformations, but achieving precise control of CO insertion in transition-metal-free systems remains a challenge. Here, the authors disclose a divergent radical tandem carbonylation of multisubstituted homoallylic alcohols for the synthesis of γ-lactones and 1,4-diones.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

The oxidative intermolecular amination of C-H bonds represents a straightforward method to construct aliphatic allylic amines. However, the utilization of widely available internal alkenes remains a synthetic challenge. Here, the authors present a regioselective Cu-catalyzed oxidative allylic C-H amination of internal olefins with azodiformates.

γ-Amino acids and peptides analogues are common constituents of building blocks for numerous biologically active molecules, pharmaceuticals, and natural products. Here, the authors developed a multicomponent carbonylation technology that combines readily available amides, alkenes, and the feedstock gas carbon monoxide to build γ-amino acid derivatives in a single step.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

Methods to train physical neural networks, such as backpropagation-based and backpropagation-free approaches, are explored to allow scaling up of artificial intelligence models far beyond present small-scale laboratory demonstrations, potentially enhancing computational efficiency.

A visible stimulated Raman scattering microscope with extensive pulse chirping in combination with a deep-learning-based denoiser and Fourier reweighting leads to highly sensitive, label-free imaging of cell metabolism at the nanoscale.

The promise of X-ray tabletop broadband light sources by high-order harmonics generated in a gas medium has been limited by low conversion efficiencies. Here, Jin et al.show a method to enhance the high harmonic generation by optimizing the waveform of synthesized two and three colour laser fields.

The most up-to-date combination of results on the properties of the Higgs boson is reported, which indicate that its properties are consistent with the standard model predictions, within the precision achieved to date.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

Monopogen identifies single-nucleotide variants in single-cell sequencing data.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) onsets in COVID-19 patients with manifestations similar to Kawasaki disease (KD). Here the author probe the peripheral blood transcriptome of MIS-C patients to find signatures related to natural killer (NK) cell activation and CD8+ T cell exhaustion that are shared with KD patients.

Diagnostic reasoning using an optimized large language model with a dataset comprising real-world medical cases exhibited improved differential diagnostic performance as an assistive tool for clinicians over search engines and standard medical resources.

The conversational diagnostic artificial intelligence system AMIE (Articulate Medical Intelligence Explorer) has potential as a real-world tool for clinical history-taking and diagnostic dialogue, based on its performance in simulated consultations.

xTrimo protein general language model (xTrimoPGLM) is a unified pretraining framework and foundation model designed for various protein-related tasks, including protein understanding and generation or design.

Psoriasis is a skin disease associated with neurogenic inflammation. Here, the authors activation of ASIC3 on sensory neurons that leads to the release of CGRP, which triggers inflammation through dendritic cells and drives psoriatic inflammation.

The CMS Collaboration reports evidence for off-shell Higgs boson contributions in the production of Z boson pairs, and measures the width of the Higgs boson, which is inversely related to its lifetime.

The CMS Collaboration reports the study of three simultaneous hard interactions between quarks and gluons in proton–proton collisions. This manifests through the concurrent production of three J/ψ mesons, which consist of a charm-quark–antiquark pair.

Genomic analyses of large population-based cohorts uncover the genetic determinants of perivascular space burden, an MRI marker of cerebral small vessel disease, across the lifespan, and reveal potential pathways implicated in the etiology of stroke and dementia.

Multiple computational methods have been developed to understand how mutations drive tumourigenesis, but their insights are largely non-overlapping. Here, the authors introduce NetFlow3D, a framework for integrating protein structure and interaction networks to map the mechanistic effects of somatic mutations in cancer.