Search

Diazo compounds, such as kinamycin, are rare bioactive natural products whose assembly has been extensively studied, but the formation of the diazo group is elusive. Here, the authors report O-methyltransferase-like protein, AlpH, which is responsible for the l-glutamylhydrazine incorporation in kinamycin biosynthesis.

Existing genetics and genomics studies of peppers mainly focus on single species. Here, the authors report a pepper graph pan-genome and a genome variation map of 500 accessions from five domesticated species and close wild relatives to reveal their domestication, introgression and population differentiation.

Blood eosinophil (EOS) counts may serve as risk factors for human coronary heart diseases. Here the authors show that increased circulating and myocardial EOS after myocardial infarction play a cardioprotective role by reducing cardiomyocyte death, cardiac fibroblast activation and fibrosis, and endothelium activation-mediated inflammatory cell accumulation.

Optineurin (OPTN) has been implicated in various biological processes, but its function in dendritic cells (DC) maturation is still unclear. Here the authors show, by characterizing Optn-conditional knockout mice, that the loss of OPTN induces Jak2/Stat3 activation and IL-10 production to suppress DC maturation and function, thereby ameliorating autoimmune responses in mice.

The authors summarize the data produced by phase III of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project, a resource for better understanding of the human and mouse genomes.

A p-block metal octoate additive in carbonate electrolytes enables the reversible plating/stripping of alkali metal in anode-free batteries by forming a protective layer with a preferentially adsorbed octoate moiety and uniformly plated p-block metal.

Krause corpuscles of the clitoris and penis are highly sensitive mechanical vibration detectors that mediate sexually dimorphic mating behaviours in mice.

Whole-genome resequencing of 114 durian accessions defines a genetically diverse core collection and reveals shared selection signals, providing foundational resources for breeding and conservation.

Reconstructing and predicting spatiotemporal dynamics from sparse sensor data is challenging, especially with limited sensors. Li et al. address this by using self-supervised pretraining of a generative model, improving accuracy and generalization.

Generative AI holds promise for creating novel compounds. Here, authors introduce TamGen, a GPT-like model designed to generate molecules tailored to specific target proteins. TamGen identified 14 potent compounds against the Tuberculosis ClpP protease, showing its potential for drug discovery.

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

Oocyte meiotic defects increase with age and contribute to decreased oocyte quality. Here the authors show that granulosa cell mevalonate pathway abnormalities contribute to aneuploidy during ovarian aging and that supplementation with mevalonate metabolites improves oocyte quality, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for promoting female reproductive longevity.

In this study the authors introduce BILLIE, a bi-level framework for equation identification that decouples term selection and quantification, enhancing robustness and accuracy in modeling nonlinear systems. BILLIE outperforms existing methods in handling complex systems and imperfect data, as demonstrated through both simulations and real-world biological applications.

Two-dimensional perovskite solar cells have been engineered to be robust against moisture, high temperatures and light stress.

Multi-omics data are readily integrated using quartet reference materials.

Long intervening noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) are an emerging class of molecular regulators with diverse functions. Here the authors identify Linc-YY1, a novel lincRNA transcribed from the noncoding region of the mouse YY1 gene, that binds to YY1 protein and thereby regulates skeletal muscle differentiation and regeneration.

Songlin Chen and colleagues sequenced the whole genomes of a male (ZZ) and a female (ZW) Chinese half-smooth tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis. Their analysis provides insights into the structure and evolution of the sex chromosomes and adaptation to the benthic lifestyle of this flatfish.

Myelination by Schwann cells (SC) in the peripheral nervous system is essential for motor function, and dysregulation of SC myelination can lead to various neuropathies. Here the authors describe a critical role of CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)-dependent chromatin reorganization in peripheral myelination and myelin regeneration after injury.

Rose is one of the most popular ornamental plants with crucial ecological, cultural and economic value. Here, the authors generated a high-quality telomere-to-telomere genome for the ancestor of tea rose, as well as investigated the release rhythm and regulatory networks of the special tea scent.

The dynamic protein corona hinders the uptake of nanocarriers in desired target cell populations, limiting their bench-to-bedside translation. Here the authors reveal that the modification of hydroxyl and amino functional groups on nanovesicles can rationally regulate the composition of protein coronas to improve the efficiency of targeted drug delivery.

Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5is) are used to treat erectile dysfunction, however, not all patients respond to PDE5i treatment. Here the authors report that YAP/TAZ activity contributes to erectile dysfunction and targeting YAP/TAZ improves erectile function in a PDE5i non-respondent rat model.

Renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) can initiate an adaptive or maladaptive response after injuries of different severity. Here, the authors elucidate a chromatin-mediated mechanism underlying the responses of TECs to varying kidney injuries.

Human antigen R (HuR) is a RNA binding protein involved in the regulation of many cellular functions. Here the authors show that, hepatocyte specific deletion of HuR exacerbates high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice by regulating transcripts involved in lipid transport and ATP synthesis.

The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella is a cosmopolitan agricultural pest. By analyzing 532 genomes from 114 populations around the world, the authors find evidence supporting a South American origin of this moth, and look for signatures of positive selection.

Plume-ridge interaction modulates plume-lithosphere interaction and leads to hotspot track deviations and paleolatitude offsets in multiple hotspot chains, according to 3D data assimilation models focused on the Hawaii-Emperor hotspot track.

Metabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) is a classical strategy for carbohydrate perception but suffers from glycan quantification. Here the authors develop a selenium-based metabolic oligosaccharide engineering strategy (SeMOE), based on elemental analysis, to quantitatively detect and visualize glycans both in vitro and in vivo.

A new RNA reference set improves detection of differential expression in clinical settings.

The potential optoelectronic applications of metal halide perovskites make exploration and tuning of their optical properties of great interest. Here the authors show that non-emitting zero-dimensional cesium lead halide perovskites become strongly fluorescent under high pressure, due to distortion-induced effects.

Acidification of estuarine and coastal water due to synergistic effects of human induced eutrophication and elevated atmospheric CO₂ could inhibit nitrification, a vital link of nitrogen cycle, but increase the release of powerful greenhouse gas N₂O.

Solid-state emissions from coal burning remain an environmental concern. Here, the authors have found that TiO2 minerals present in coal are converted into titanium suboxides during burning, and initial biotoxicity screening suggests that further testing is needed to look into human lung consequences.

Tumour heterogeneity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains to be investigated. Here, the integration of spatial omics, transcriptional and chromatin accessibility profiling at the single-nucleus level and bulk proteogenomics data reveal markers and pathways important for ccRCC.

Powdery mildew is a major threat to world wheat yields. Here the authors describe the map-based cloning of Pm24, a gain-of-function powdery mildew resistance allele that encodes a tandem kinase-pseudokinase protein with a deletion in a kinase domain that is endemic to certain wheat landraces.

Structural analysis reveals how certain designed peptides adopt unusual spiraling cross-α amyloid-like structures and also rearrange to helical polymers upon mutation of small nonpolar residues that are critical for packing and stabilization.

Lijun Bi and colleagues report sequencing of 161 tuberculosis strains from China, including 44 drug-sensitive, 94 MDR and 23 XDR isolates. They identify 72 new genes and 28 new intergenic regions significantly associated with drug resistance.

Exploring an active and cost-effective catalyst for alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction remains elusive to date. Here, the authors report the platinum single-atoms doped ruthenium/ruthenium oxides showing distinctly enhanced catalytic performance.

The Cenozoic eastward growth of the Tibetan Plateau can be explained by slab tear and the resulting mantle flow beneath the eastern region, according to analysis of seismic tomography, tectonic and magmatic records of the Indian mantle lithosphere.

The EMDataResource Ligand Model Challenge aimed at assessing the reliability and reproducibility of modeling ligands bound to protein and protein–nucleic acid complexes in cryo-EM maps determined at near-atomic resolution. This analysis presents the results and recommends best practices for assessing cryo-EM structures of liganded macromolecules.

All-inorganic cesium lead bromide perovskite based light-emitting diodes show improved operational stability but the film quality limits their performance. Here Wang et al. use trifluoroacetate anions to passivate defects and achieve excellent device performance and stability.

More sensitive and specific non-invasive biomarkers are desired for early detection of cancer. Here, the authors show a protein signature in the urine that increases sensitivity for colorectal cancer detection when combined with fecal immunochemical tests and corrects diagnosis in some fecal immunochemical tests-negative patients.

Core fucosylation of N-linked glycoproteins has been linked to physiological and pathological processes. Here, the authors develop a mass spectrometry-based method that utilizes Endo F3 followed by PNGase F treatment to quantify site-specific glycoprotein core fucosylation in protein mixtures.

Single-atom catalysts maximize atom usage within supports, but preparations can be complex. Here, authors show a facile impregnation-adsorption method to attach single noble-metal atoms to N-doped porous carbon and demonstrate strong electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performances for Pt catalysts.

Crystallographic and functional studies reveal the arch-shaped architecture of the Munc13 MUN domain and show the molecular basis for Munc13's role in synaptic-vesicle priming by mediating syntaxin-1 opening and SNARE-complex assembly.