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By resonant excitation of an InAs quantum dot embedded in a microcavity, a deterministic single-photon source is demonstrated. Single-photon purity of 0.9795(6), photon indistinguishability of 0.9856(13), and an overall end-to-end efficiency of 0.712(18) are simultaneously obtained.

Many drugs discovered by serendipity possess the ability to react with cysteine residues on target proteins. Here the authors report a large-scale chemoproteomic analysis to define proteome-wide ligandability maps of 70 drugs with diverse cysteine-reactive chemotypes in native biological systems.

Injectable conductive hydrogels offer a promising alternative for tumor electrotherapy. Here, the authors develop highly conductive injectable bioresorbable soft electrode that enable minimally invasive glioblastoma electroimmunotherapy, achieving tumor ablation and robust immune activation.

The genomic epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii, which is rising in virulence and multidrug resistance, was explored. This study examined bloodstream infection isolates from Chinese patients in 2011–2021, revealing increased genetic diversity and dominance of highly virulent ST208.

Although Huntington’s disease (HD) is a well-studied genetic disorder, less is known about the epigenetic changes underlying it. Here, the authors characterize DNA methylation levels in tissues from patients, a mouse huntingtin (Htt) gene knock-in model, and a transgenic HTT sheep model, and provide evidence that HD is accompanied by DNA methylation changes in these three species.

Pathological B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is a key driver of mantle cell lymphoma tumorigenesis. Here, the authors discover that CEACAM1, an immunoglobulin-like transmembrane protein, is essential for a subset of mantle cell lymphoma through activation of the BCR.

Current lithium-ion batteries fall short in the specific energy required for emerging applications. Here, authors combine a tailored carbonate-based gel electrolyte with a surface modified lithium metal negative electrode to achieve a specific energy of 604.2 Wh kg⁻¹ for a solid-state pouch cell.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

Researchers show inhibiting immune cell steroidogenesis enhances anti-tumour immunity in triple-negative breast cancer. Posaconazole showed promise in a humanised mouse model.

A multiomics dataset including genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomic variations across 403 upland cotton accessions identifies MYB genes regulating key metabolites and agronomic traits during cotton ovule and fiber development.

β-cell dysfunction and dedifferentiation towards an α-cell-like phenotype are hallmarks of type 2 diabetes. Her,e the authors detect five α-cell subpopulations, find differences between healthy and diabetic donors, and identify SMOC1 as an inducer of human β-cell dysfunction and dedifferentiation.

Ethylene is vital, but steam cracking (>800 °C) is energy-hungry and CH₄-prone. This work cracks 1-pentene over tailored ZSM-5 at 700 °C via a confined catalytic radical mechanism, giving C₂H₄/C₃H₆ = 1.31 with <5% CH₄, compatible with existing FCC processes.

The ring-opening polymerization of CO2-derived EVP, a cyclic lactone, struggles with poor thermodynamics and kinetics. Here, the authors convert EVP to a thionolactone and demonstrate that S/O and vinyl isomerization enhances the polymerization activity and enables the rapid synthesis of high-molecular-weight CO2-based polythioesters.

A focused-ultrasound-mediated mechanogenetics approach enables the genetic modification of cancer cells near solid tumours to activate chimeric antigen receptor T cell response and achieve tumour suppression at distinct sites.

Chen at al. show that CHD1 loss in SPOP-mutated prostate tumors confers castration resistance by increasing SREBP2-mediated cholesterol synthesis and subsequent androgen supply, an effect counteracted by combined androgen and cholesterol inhibition.

Mitophagy, the selective degradation of mitochondria, has been thought to occur via macroautophagy. Here, the authors present data indicating that microautophagy also mediates mitophagy in macrophages, and that it is essential for immune activation during M1 polarization.

Chemical proteomics identified covalent ligands targeting an isoform-restricted allosteric cysteine in JAK1. The compounds inhibit JAK1-dependent signaling in immune cells with unprecedented selectivity.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

Experiments under upper-tropospheric conditions map the chemical formation of isoprene oxygenated organic molecules (important molecules for new particle formation) and reveal that relative radical ratios control their composition

In this study, the authors develop a potent bispecific antibody targeting two epitopes within the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain and showing robust prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy against XBB.1 infection in mice.

An optogenetic system enables the controlled release of soluble and transmembrane proteins for precise exploration of cellular protein function at the single-molecule level and streamlined single-molecule imaging.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) usually metastasizes to the lungs. Here, the authors discover that SWI/SNF ATPase subunit SMARCA4 silencing of HLF regulates ccRCC lung metastasis by modulating the integration of collagen's mechanical cues with the actin cytoskeleton through leupaxin.

Lithium metal batteries are susceptible to dendrite growth and interfacial instability, particularly at extreme temperatures. Here, authors propose an allyl ether electrolyte with a neighbouring group participation in lithium solvation regulation, inducing a dual-layer SEI and enabling stable cell operation from −40 to 60 °C.

Pradhan et el report that neuromodulatory systems linked to stress and satiety are recruited to induce sickness behaviours during chronic infection of Caenorhabditis elegans with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Previously, the small molecule inhibitor of transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) MGH-CP1 has been described in stem cells. Here, the authors demonstrate the utility of MGH-CP1 in cancer therapy and find treatment to increase Akt pathway activation via TEAD-Vgll3 activation, presenting a rationale for combination with Akt inhibition.

Here, the authors perform large trans-ancestry fine-mapping analyses identifying large numbers of association signals and putative target genes for colorectal cancer risk, advancing our understanding of the genetic and biological basis of this cancer.

Two potent mitophagy inducers, identified and characterized via unsupervised machine learning and a cross-species screening approach, ameliorated the pathology of Alzheimer’s disease in worms and mice.

In the dose-expansion cohort of this phase 1b trial, the EGFR×HER3 bispecific antibody–drug conjugate BL-B01D1 given to patients with metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma led to encouraging clinical response rates, which need to be confirmed in larger efficacy trials.

The mechanism of HIV-1 latency reversal remains unclear. The authors suggest that PRMT3 drives the reversal by enhancing chromatin accessibility to form a transcriptional hub containing TEAD4 and P-TEFb at the viral promoter.

Despite being an established oncogenic driver of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), therapies targeting NRF2 hyperactivation are lacking. Here, the authors identify peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA) as a mediator of NRF2 stability and demonstrate the efficacy of targeting this interaction with cyclosporin A in preclinical models of NSCLC.

Here the authors report single-nucleus RNA sequencing for several anatomical locations in 11 species, including cat, dog, hamster, lizard, goat, rabbit, duck, pigeon, pangolin, tiger, and deer, highlighting coexpression of SARS-CoV-2 entry factors ACE2 and TMPRSS2.

Although autophagy has been linked to tumourigenesis, it is unclear how genomic alterations affect autophagy selectivity in tumours. Here, the authors establish a pipeline that integrates computational and experimental approaches to show that altered autophagy selectivity is frequent in cancer cells and link glycogen autophagy with tumourigenesis.

The molecular mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint therapy remain elusive. Here, the authors perform immunogenomic analysis of TCGA data and data from clinical trials for antiPD-1/PD-L1 therapy and highlight the association of 9p21 loss with a cold tumor microenvironment and resistance to therapy.

Glycosylated asparagine residues that mediate the function of the B7H3 protein are unclear. Here the authors identify the important N-glycosylation sites for B7H3 cell surface localization and T cell inhibition, followed by the development of N91/309 and N104/322 preferentially targeting monoclonal antibody manifesting enhanced antitumor immunity.

Direct methane oxidation to C2+ with O₂ is impeded by tough C–H activation and uncontrolled coupling. Here, Fe-(μ-O)-Zn dual-atom sites on ZSM-5 enable efficient photocatalytic acetic acid production at ambient temperature and pressure.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) has an important role in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) progression. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing and multiplexed imaging, the authors report the cellular complexity of the TME in patients with HNSCC, exploring inflammatory status, stromal heterogeneity and immune checkpoint receptor-ligand interactions.

Variable number tandem repeats (VNTRs) are difficult to analyze by short-read sequencing in disease studies. Here, the authors describe a VNTR mapping strategy for short-read analyses using a repeat pangenome graph. This method will help elucidate the contribution of VNTRs to diversity and disease.

Isotropic tissue magnification is integrated with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging to enable untargeted spatial proteomics at micrometre resolution and with high protein identification rates in multiple tissue types.

Practical implementation of all-perovskite tandem solar cells faces challenges due to the self-reinforcing photothermal-mechanical degradation mechanism. Here, authors employ a polyamine ligand to establish I-Sn-N coordination for stabilizing lattice framework, achieving device efficiency of 29.6%.

Limited high quality multi-omics resources are available for plants with complex genomes. Here, authors generate transcriptome, proteome, phosphoproteome, and acetylproteome data sets across wheat developmental stages and reveal de-acetylation of TaP5CS1 by TaHDA9 regulates Fusarium crown rot resistance.

This work presents a compact spectrometer using acoustic Brillouin scattering on a hybrid chip, achieving a 0.56 nm resolution in a 1 mm waveguide without an optical pump.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Tissue context can dictate why a gene can have seemingly opposing functions in different settings. ELF3 is tumor suppressive in many cancers of epithelial origin but in lung cancer, the authors describe an oncogenic role in the adenocarcinoma histology of non-small cell lung cancer.

Moiré materials, where two van der Waals layers are stacked together with a small twist angle has proven to be a rich playground for exotic phases, with some materials, such as twisted MoTe2 being found to host quantum anomalous and fractional hall states among others. Here, An, Pan, Qiu and coauthors add to this, observing ferromagnetism in the second moiré band of twisted MoTe2.

It is uncertain how much life expectancy of the Chinese population would improve under current and greater policy targets on lifestyle-based risk factors for chronic diseases and mortality behaviours. Here we report a simulation of how improvements in four risk factors, namely smoking, alcohol use, physical activity and diet, could affect mortality. We show that in the ideal scenario, that is, all people who currently smokers quit smoking, excessive alcohol userswas reduced to moderate intake, people under 65 increased moderate physical activity by one hour and those aged 65 and older increased by half an hour per day, and all participants ate 200 g more fresh fruits and 50 g more fish/seafood per day, life expectancy at age 30 would increase by 4.83 and 5.39 years for men and women, respectively. In a more moderate risk reduction scenario referred to as the practical scenario, where improvements in each lifestyle factor were approximately halved, the gains in life expectancy at age 30 could be half those of the ideal scenario. However, the validity of these estimates in practise may be influenced by population-wide adherence to lifestyle recommendations. Our findings suggest that the current policy targets set by the Healthy China Initiative could be adjusted dynamically, and a greater increase in life expectancy would be achieved.

p85β (PIK3R2), a regulatory subunit of PI3K, has oncogenic properties. Here the authors show that p85β promotes AXL protein stability, which in turn activates p110 to induce PDK1/SGK3 signaling, and therapeutically, p85β-expressing ovarian cancer cells are sensitive to AXL inhibition.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.