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A survey across 90 societies reveals that variation and change in everyday norms are explained by a single value dimension: the priority societies place on individualizing versus binding moral concerns.

How tree diversity effects on ecosystem functioning vary along climatic gradients is unclear. Here, analysing data from 15 experimental forest sites, the authors show that tree growth responses to neighbourhood species diversity are stronger in wetter climates but are unaffected by interannual climatic variation within sites.

A primary element of modern wildfire management is to aggressively suppress small fires before they become large, but benefits can be offset by the fact that these practices promote older forests that are more ‘flammable’. Here the authors show that this downside puts numerous human communities at elevated risk of fires in boreal Canada.

In this immunological ancillary study of the PREVAC trial, the authors show that approved Ebola virus vaccines induce memory T-cell responses that persist during the five year follow-up after initial vaccination.

A species-level phylogenetic analysis of the high-elevation flora of the European Alps reveals that the flora is young and colonist rich. Its assembly was primarily driven by the Pleistocene climatic cycles, rather than ancient orogenic events.

To consider the impact of sex on adaptation to space, the European Space Agency initiated VIVALDI dry immersion microgravity simulation in female subjects. Here, the authors show marked deconditioning with 5-day exposure, and propose comprehensive multi-system physiological assessment in 18 healthy women.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias identifies new loci and enables generation of a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

By conducting viral phylodynamic analysis on samples of puma feline immunodeficiency virus from regions with and without puma hunting, the authors show that stopping hunting disrupts male social structure and in turn influences viral dynamics.

The record-breaking 2023 wildfire season in Canada ( ~ 15 Mha burned) was enabled by early snowmelt, drought, and extreme weather. It had profound impacts that included evacuation of >200 communities, millions exposed to hazardous smoke, and a strain on fire-fighting resources.

Neoantigen prediction from clinical samples is improved using a neural network model trained on a large HLA peptide and genomic tumor dataset.

Fine-mapping of causal variants and integration of epigenetic and chromatin conformation data identify likely target genes for 150 breast cancer risk regions.

3D single molecule localization microscopy suffers from several experimental biases that degrade the resolution or localization precision. Here the authors present a dual-view detection scheme combining supercritical angle fluorescence and astigmatic imaging to obtain precise and unbiased 3D super resolution images.

Neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV-1 are exclusively directed against the viral envelope protein (Env) and mainly target Env in a closed, prefusion state. Here, Yang et al. structurally characterize two heterologously-neutralizing CD4-binding site (CD4bs) antibodies isolated from sequentially immunized macaques, and show that these antibodies recognize the CD4bs on Env trimers in an „occluded-open‟ conformation between closed, as targeted by bNAbs, and fully-open, as recognized by CD4.

The relationships that control seed production in trees are key to understand evolutionary pressures that have shaped forests. A global synthesis of fecundity data reveals that while seed production is not constrained by a strict size-number trade-off, it is influenced by taxonomy and nutrient allocation.

Here, the authors perform a meta-analysis in 26,699 people with seizures and 492,324 controls to identify 25 genome-wide significant copy-number variants. The discovered loci point to known disease genes and associations with clinical annotations.

A new method to quantify three masting components from individual tree-years has revealed that globally, masting is uncommon in tree species that depend on mutualist dispersers, with its distribution further mediated by climate and nutrient availability.

Large genome-wide meta-analysis of clinically diagnosed late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) from 94,437 individuals identifies new LOAD risk loci and implicates Aβ formation, tau protein binding, immune response and lipid metabolism.

Phylogenomic analysis of 7,923 angiosperm species using a standardized set of 353 nuclear genes produced an angiosperm tree of life dated with 200 fossil calibrations, providing key insights into evolutionary relationships and diversification.

Isabelle Plo, Christine Bellanné-Chantelot, William Vainchenker and colleagues report a 700-kb germline duplication including the ATG2B and GSKIP genes in four related families with myeloid malignancy predisposition. Using induced pluripotent stem cells and primary cells, they demonstrate that ATG2B and GSKIP enhance hematopoietic progenitor differentiation.

A large-scale metagenomic analysis of plant and mammal environmental DNA reveals complex ecological changes across the circumpolar region over the past 50,000 years, as biota responded to changing climates, culminating in the postglacial extinction of large mammals and emergence of modern ecosystems.

Genome-wide analyses identify common variants associated with 11 distinct neuropathology endophenotypes, providing insights into the mechanisms underlying the genetic risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias.

Authors perform an analysis of the patient data and risk factors to evaluate unfavorable outcomes and adverse events in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis treated with a 4-month rifapentine based regimen. Low rifapentine exposure was the most clinically significant risk factor for treatment failure and tuberculosis relapse.

Frequent dispersal and short-lived local transmission clusters fuelled the 2013–2016 Ebola virus epidemic in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone.

The aboveground carbon stock of a montane African forest network is comparable to that of a lowland African forest network and two-thirds higher than default values for these montane forests.

R2TP is an HSP90 co-chaperone composed of an RPAP3-PIH1D1 heterodimer, which binds two essential AAA+ ATPases RUVBL1/RUVBL2. Here authors use a structural approach to study RPAP3 and find an RPAP3-like protein (SPAG1) which also forms a co-chaperone complex with PIH1D2 and RUVBL1/2 enriched in testis.

Substantial evolution of the Nile River over the past 11,500 years, shaping the riverine landscape and ancient Egyptian culture, is linked to climate and environmental changes, according to analyses of sediment cores near Luxor dated with optically stimulated luminescence.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental health problem. Here, the authors report a GWAS from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium in which they identify two risk loci in European ancestry and one locus in African ancestry individuals and find that PTSD is genetically correlated with several other psychiatric traits.

A catalogue of the vascular flora of New Guinea indicates that this island is the most floristically diverse in the world, and that 68% of the species identified are endemic to New Guinea.

Richter syndrome (RS) is the transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) into aggressive lymphoma, in most cases diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Here, the authors characterize the DNA methylation and transcriptomic profiles of RS samples, find a clonally-related CLL epigenetic imprint, and develop classifiers for “RS-type” de novo DLBCLs.

Borgs are remarkably large, divergent archaeal extrachromosomal elements with metabolic genes linked to the methane cycle.

Analysis of ancient human DNA from the Swahili coast reveals that predominantly African female ancestors and Asian male ancestors formed families after around ad 1000 and lived in elite communities in coastal stone towns.

A pentavalent live attenuated vaccine platform, MOPEVAC_NEW, was engineered to express glycoproteins from all five known pathogenic New World arenaviruses from a modified Mopeia virus. This approach induces robust antiviral antibody responses and sterile protection to prevent severe haemorrhagic fever and mortality in cynomolgus monkeys.

Astrocytes regulate synaptic signalling via EAAT glutamate uptake, though whether they play a role in Hebbian plasticity is unknown. Here, the authors find targeting EAAT2 disrupts the emergence of spike timing-dependent plasticity, which highlights the role of astrocytes as gatekeepers for Hebbian plasticity.

The amount of secondary organic aerosol produced from wildfire emissions is much higher than previously thought, according to model simulations of evolution of individual species of organic aerosol over time.

The factors that determine the distinct profiles of NRAS mutants across different tumor types remain unclear. Here, the authors use an allelic series of conditional mouse models to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the enrichment of specific NRAS mutants in human melanoma