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tRNA modifications are essential for function, yet their timing relative to processing is unclear. Here, the authors show that queuosine and derivative modifications occur before splicing of pre-tRNA^Tyr, with cryo-EM confirming direct recognition by the QTRT1/2 complex.

Breast cancer cells interact with neighbouring adipocytes, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, the authors show that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells transfer cAMP through gap junctions, activating lipolysis in tumour-associated adipocytes to promote TNBC growth.

Previous work has shown that electronic and structural transitions in VO₂ can be decoupled by realizing an electronic transition within a monoclinic phase. Here, the authors extend this to the rutile phase by demonstrating a photodoping-driven transition from an insulating to a metallic rutile phase.

As Finland’s climate warms, cold-adapted moths are disappearing in the north while warm-loving species move in from the south. This shift in insect communities highlights the threat climate change poses to cold-adapted species.

Materials that can alter their structure in response to light have potential as functional materials such as motors and actuators. Here the authors describe a low-cost system capable of rapid, reversible and wavelength-selective responses to light.

Sosa et al. find that hippocampal neural activity in mice encodes both environmental location and experience relative to rewards, spanning distances far from reward, through parallel and flexible population-level codes.

This pilot trial showed that perioperative treatment with the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) inhibitor safusidenib of patients with low-grade IDH-mutant glioma, with craniotomy and lumbar puncture before and after treatment, is feasible and safe and enabled in-depth translational investigation of safusidenib treatment-induced changes in the tumor, including electrophysiological effects.

The detoxification pathway photorespiration has been thought to be photoprotective in dynamic light. The authors report that, instead, growth in dynamic light buffers plants against photorespiratory lesions by reducing photosynthesis and inducing metabolite re-routing.

The development of efficient actuators and the understanding of their mechanisms is crucial for improving their application. Here, the authors develop a self-standing film of an ionic covalent organic framework which undergoes a reversible photoactuation following a triple energy conversion cascade in a short time.

The authors report Acheulean hominin occupation of eastern Britain during glacial marine isotope stages 17–16 and again in glacial marine isotope stage 12 via stone tools in sediments dated to 712,000 to 424,000 years ago.

Antibiotic resistance poses a critical global health threat. Here, the authors identify a carbapenem resistant clone of uropathogenic Escherichia coli with atypical virulence features as an increasing cause of urinary tract infection

The main multidecadal variations in the PDO index during the twentieth century, including the ongoing, decades-long negative trend, were largely driven by human emissions of aerosols and greenhouse gases rather than internal processes.

Natural ecosystems efficiently sequester CO₂, but containing and controlling living systems remains challenging. Here, the authors engineer a photosynthetic living material for dual CO₂ sequestration via biomass accumulation and microbially-induced calcium carbonate precipitation.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Immunostimulatory antibodies have strong potential as anti-cancer therapeutics. Here Elliott et al. show that conformational rigidity determines agonistic activity of antibodies targeting CD40 and 4-1BB and demonstrate further enhancement of agonism through disulfide engineering.

Collagen VI microfibril cryo-EM structure resolves a cysteine-rich coiled-coil important for heterotrimerization and microfibril assembly, reveals a hotspot of collagen VI muscular dystrophy mutations and provides a template for therapeutic design.

Genomic analysis of Plasmodium DNA from 36 ancient individuals provides insight into the global distribution and spread of malaria-causing species during around 5,500 years of human history.

A platform for profiling single-cell density reveals insights into the regulation of cell density homeostasis and patient drug responses.

Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of 393 non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors identifies molecular features associated with response.

Researchers demonstrate quantum teleportation of six general states using an entangled-light-emitting diode consisting of an InAs quantum dot. The emission wavelength of quantum dots is readily tunable using electric fields. The average teleportation fidelity of 0.704±0.016 exceeds the limit possible with classical light, proving the quantum nature of the teleportation.

The field of regenerative medicine would greatly benefit from the study of a non-human primate model. Here, the authors prospectively isolated two quiescent stem cell populations from the non-human primate mouse lemur.

Using sequencing and haplotype-resolved assembly of 65 diverse human genomes, complex regions including the major histocompatibility complex and centromeres are analysed.

Guo, Zhao and colleagues use high-resolution 7 T MRI to measure the pulsatility of cerebral small vessels and uncover age-related differences in vascular dynamics, which offer new insights into mechanisms of brain aging and vascular risks.

Together with a companion paper, the generation of a transcriptomic atlas for the mouse lemur and analyses of example cell types establish this animal as a molecularly tractable primate model organism.

Pyramidal cells are classically thought to comprise the excitatory output of the subiculum. Here, the authors show the existence of “ovoid cells”, excitatory subiculum neurons with specialized gene expression, morphology, projections, and function.

Here, the authors use a simple equation to study how genes and their regulators switch on/off over time, across the whole genome in tissues and cells. Most changes are gradual, but some genes switch quickly. Their AI model can predict temporal gene activity directly from open DNA regions, with no extra data.

Despite exhibiting ferroelectric features, SrTiO₃ fails to display long-range polar order at low temperatures due to quantum fluctuations. An ultrafast X-ray diffraction experiment now probes polar dynamics of this material at the nanometre scale.

Trees come in all shapes and size, but what drives this incredible variation in tree form remains poorly understood. Using a global dataset, the authors show that a combination of climate, competition, disturbance and evolutionary history shape the crown architecture of the world’s trees and thereby constrain the 3D structure of woody ecosystems.

Long-term consequences of COVID-19 can be identified by patient reported symptoms (long COVID) or clinical diagnosis (post-acute complications of SARS-CoV-2). Here, the authors perform two case control studies using data from UK Biobank to investigate risk factors for both outcomes.

Gradients of cell recognition molecules wire a sensorimotor interface in Drosophila.

Olfactory deficits occur early in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, the authors identify that loss of locus coeruleus axons in the olfactory bulb underlies impaired olfaction in an AD mouse model and provide translational evidence for similar deficits in humans.

The emergence of magnetically confined surface excitons enabled by antiferromagnetic spin correlations is reported, which leads to the confinement of excitons to the surface of layered antiferromagnet CrSBr.

In this paper, the authors describe the energy state-dependent regulation of the PVN^GLP-1R to DVC circuit, resulting in altered food intake and metabolic health, mediated by GLP-1 receptor signalling.

A consensus cell type atlas for the fly brain provides both an intellectual framework and open-source toolchains for brain-scale comparative connectomics.

Climate change threatens mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans) forests, which are among Earth’s most carbon-dense ecosystems. This study finds that a projected 3^∘C warming by 2080 could reduce tree density and carbon storage in these forests by 24%

Researchers from the NCI report how 14-3-3 proteins keep the Parkinson’s-associated kinase LRRK2 inactive, offering structural insights into disease mechanisms and highlighting strategies to stabilize LRRK2 for potential therapeutic benefit.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

This overview of the ENCODE project outlines the data accumulated so far, revealing that 80% of the human genome now has at least one biochemical function assigned to it; the newly identified functional elements should aid the interpretation of results of genome-wide association studies, as many correspond to sites of association with human disease.

Here, the authors show that delafloxacin, a respiratory antibacterial fluoroquinolone, binds the Streptococcus pneumoniae topoisomerase IV-DNA cleavage complex in a distinct tilted-ring conformation involving multiple Mg^2 + , K⁺ and water links. Intrinsic target affinity likely contributes to activity against quinolone-resistant bacteria.

Axonal injury, induced in the white matter by expansion of early tumour cells, is a key driver of glioblastoma progression.

A comprehensive analysis of the cell-specific molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying post-traumatic stress disorder in the human prefrontal cortex.

The supercooling parameter, P, was found to be the best indicator of grain morphology of metallic alloys produced with high solidification velocities. This provides guidance for the design of new alloys for use with additive manufacturing.

Here Yeow et al. present a model in which TRIM37 regulates microtubule-organizing centers through substrate-templated activation, providing a unifying mechanism for the control of mesoscale assemblies by the TRIM family of E3 ligases.

In terahertz sideband generation, an electron–hole pair is accelerated in a semiconductor by a terahertz field to then recombines forming a frequency comb, but so far experimental realizations have relied on the large fields of free electron lasers. Here, Crosse et al.propose bi-layer graphene for sideband generation at lower fields.

Exercise is essential for health, but strenuous evening exercise may disrupt sleep. Here, using 4-million nights of objective data, the authors show strenuous exercise ending within 4 hours of bedtime is associated with disruptions to subsequent sleep and nocturnal autonomic function.

A high-bandwidth neuromotor interface offers performant out-of-the-box generalization across people.