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Here, the authors present evidence that the gut microbiome alone, without changes in the host genome, can shape how animals respond to selection, identifying a bacterium and its metabolite that independently reduce mouse locomotion.

In social settings, people need to establish how much they contribute to shared outcomes. Here, the authors show that people strategically alter their actions to establish their level of control and identify neural activity underlying this process.

OrganoidTracker 2.0 enables fast and accurate cell tracking in complex systems such as developing organoids. A key aspect of the work is determining cell tracks with error probabilities for any tracking feature, from cell cycles to lineage trees.

The basic features of dopamine release sites are still largely unknown. Here, the authors determine the ultrastructure of fluorescent dopaminergic and glutamatergic synaptosomes in mouse striatum using cryo-correlative light and electron microscopy.

Pretrained on SpatialCorpus-110M, a curated resource of vast and diverse transcriptomes of dissociated and spatially resolved cells from both human and mouse, Nicheformer advances toward building foundation models for spatial single-cell analysis.

Integrating work–life balance while pursuing exciting scientific questions and navigating the publishing process as a senior author are challenges that researchers often encounter, particularly in their transition to independence. In this instalment of our Career Pathways series, Jiyeon Kim and Angelika Harbauer reflect on how they have experienced this process.

A light-sheet microscope built from off-the-shelf components enables high-resolution clear tissue imaging.

The spin texture of a magnetic system can host a variety of topological spin textures, the most famous of these being skyrmions. Here, Volkov et al demonstrate higher order vorticity in magnetic wireframe nanostructures and introduce a general protocol for the creation of arbitrary numbers of vortices and antivortices in such wireframe structures.

Recently, chiral superconductivity has been observed in rhombohedral tetralayer graphene under electron doping, arising from a spin- and valley-polarized normal state. Here, the authors propose a superconducting mechanism based on over-screening of Coulomb interaction due to charge fluctuations.

An optical method for the temporal and spatial reconstruction of the electric field of few-cycle pulses is developed. The method is based on two attosecond technologies: extreme-ultraviolet interferometry and a directional electric field detector.

Cholesterol plays a key role in membrane biology. Here, authors employ evolutionary molecular dynamics simulations to explore interactions driven by linear protein sequences, challenging the predictive power of traditional cholesterol-binding motifs.

The Fermi-LAT Collaboration reports a significant γ-ray detection (5.2σ) from the coronae of radio-quiet active galactic nuclei, revealing compact (~10 gravitational radii) and extended (~2.7 × 10⁶ gravitational radii) corona regions, challenging existing models.

Event generators are used to simulate and describe hadronic collisions in accelerator experiments, but often struggle to describe data from astroparticle experiments that probe hadronic collisions at extreme energies. This Review highlights the complementarity between accelerator and astroparticle experiments that can be exploited, to gain new insights into the nature of hadronic collisions and increase model accuracy across both domains.

How cells respond to replication-derived DNA damage that is carried over into mitosis is not well understood. Here, the authors show that CIP2A with TOPBP1 mediates the mitotic recruitment of the SLX4/MUS81/XPF nuclease complex to replication stress-induced DNA lesions to maintain genome integrity.

Humans adapt social and asocial learning to dynamically changing contexts, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors clarify these mechanisms and show that the degree of social and asocial adaptivity predicts individual performance.

By reflecting light from a relativistically moving mirror, its frequency can be changed, which could create X-rays from visible light. Kiefer et al. make such a mirror from relativistic electrons formed by an intense laser striking a nanofoil, and shift a laser pulse from the infrared to the extreme ultraviolet.

Clb2 is a B-type cyclin essential for mitotic progression. Here, the authors found that the CLB2 mRNA localizes to the yeast bud via a cis-acting ZIP-code and She2/She3 transport machinery. This spatial regulation ensures proper cyclin protein levels, whereas its mislocalization perturbs division timing and bud size control.

Understanding “strange metal" behavior in high-temperature superconductors remains an open problem. Here the authors report a correlation between linear-in-magnetic-field magnetoresistance and linear-in-temperature resistivity in several hole-doped cuprate families and discuss its possible implications for superconductivity.

Genomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses from a population of 295 diverse sweet-corn inbred lines provide insights into kernel quality formation mechanisms and the divergence of sweet corn and field corn.

While shaping of the electromagnetic fields around nanostructures is widely studied, the influence of the field inside the nanostructures is often overlooked. Here, Wolf et al. control the spatial distribution of third-harmonic emission in a plasmonic nanostructure, imaged by a far field Fourier method.

Molecules in intense laser fields have enhanced multiple ionization rates, caused by the ionic core and laser fields acting on the part of the molecule in the up-field. Here, direct proof of this model is presented by studying the instantaneous effect of the field direction during double ionization in ArXe.

Understanding the transport of ions, electrons and heat in magnetized plasmas is important to the development of fusion power as well as our understanding of the behaviour of astrophysical objects. Ida et al.find that stochastization of magnetic field lines in a plasma damps plasma flow more strongly than expected.

A combination of scanning probe microscopy and quantum sensing is used to investigate changes in water structure under confinement. A liquid–solid phase transition is observed in thin films of water below a confinement size of 2 nm at ambient temperature.

Equivariant neural networks are state-of-the-art for machine learning-driven molecular dynamics (MD) simulations but have high computational cost. Here, the authors develop a Euclidean transformer that balances accuracy, stability, and speed, enabling stable long-timescale simulations of complex molecules

The Einstein Probe has discovered a fast X-ray transient, EP240414a, associated with a broad-lined type Ic supernova. Its unusually soft spectrum and weak jet add to the diversity of stellar deaths and suggest a previously unknown Wolf–Rayet star explosion mechanism.

Skyrmions are objects with whirled magnetization protected by their topology that can be created by different means, however, without control of their position. Here, the authors present a method exploiting x-rays to create skyrmions at the beam position allowing for creation of artificial skyrmion lattices.

There are limited vaccines available for Ebola virus and none for broad protection from filoviruses. Here, the authors rationally design vaccines using nanoparticles and stabilized Ebola virus and other filovirus glycoproteins, characterize antibody epitopes and profile lymph node and antibody responses in mice.

WHaloCaMP is a chemigenetic calcium indicator that can be combined with different rhodamine dyes for multiplexed or FLIM imaging in vivo, as demonstrated for calcium imaging in neuronal cultures, brain slices, Drosophila, zebrafish larvae and the mouse brain.

Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is the biologically active form of vitamin B1 and servers as an essential metabolic cofactor regulating energy production, redox homeostasis, and carbon assimilation. Here, the authors show that optimizing TPP metabolism can enhance yield and quality in maize, rice and rapeseed.

Here, the authors demonstrate that intense laser pulses drive electrons across the full Brillouin zone in monolayer WS₂, producing quantum interferences that control high harmonic generation.

Here, a combination of forward genetics and genome-wide association analyses has been used to show that variation at a single genetic locus in Arabidopsis thaliana underlies phenotypic variation in vegetative growth as well as resistance to infection. The strong enhancement of resistance mediated by one of the alleles at this locus explains the allele's persistence in natural populations throughout the world, even though it drastically reduces the production of new leaves.

Integrating an electronic device with a cavity can cause the electrons to couple to photons strongly enough to form hybrid modes. Now, the cavity effects induced by intrinsic graphite gates are shown to modify the low-energy properties of graphene.

Ultrafast lasers can drive materials into states beyond equilibrium. Here, the authors use single-pulse X-ray imaging to show that surface plasmons channel energy relaxation into distinct pathways, leading to different shape deformations.

A technique that uses the rotating electric-field vector of a circularly polarized laser pulse as a ‘clock’ provides a fresh approach to measuring electron dynamics with attosecond time resolution.

Biomolecular condensates are made of multiple components but current techniques cannot capture their complex composition quantitatively. Now it has been shown that the dense-phase binodal point defining the composition of multicomponent condensates can be inferred precisely from the intersection of a spectrometrically determined tie-line with an isorefractive line obtained from quantitative phase imaging.

A strongly lensed galaxy at redshift z ≈ 6 is resolved into at least 15 star-forming clumps embedded in a rotating disk. Clump formation in this system, which is not predicted by cosmological zoom-in simulations, may be driven by disk instabilities with weak feedback, rather than past mergers.

Anyons are particles with fractional statistics that interpolate between bosons and fermions, and are thought to exist in low-dimensional systems. Keilmannet al. propose an experimental system to create anyons in one-dimensional optical lattices using assisted Raman tunnelling.

Single-cycle and sub-cycle field transients are typically generated by external pulse compression where a combination of nonlinear broadening followed up by dispersion compensation is used. Here, Balciunas et al. use self-compression in a Kagome fibre to generate phase-controlled single-cycle pulses.

Spin manipulation in memory devices typically requires large electrical currents, limiting performance. Here the authors demonstrate magnetization switching in ferromagnetic films by depositing chiral molecules, making use of a proximity effect without needing magnetic or electric fields.

A lot of theoretical work on the Kondo effect has focused on spin 1/2 systems, but the characterization of a single-spin 1/2 atom or molecule in the weak coupling regime has been missing. Here, the authors close this gap with a scanning tunneling spectroscopy study of an organic radical on a gold surface.

Describing the properties of high harmonic photons is challenging due to the complexity of XUV spectroscopy. Here the authors use the photon statistics of the transmitted infrared laser photons to characterize the XUV photon flux without the need of XUV spectrometers.

At the ultrafast timescale the propagation of light pulses through a dielectric material is not only determined by the envelope, but also by nonlinear interactions that evolve within one optical cycle. Here, the authors demonstrate a method to determine the subcycle-resolved delay to a probe pulse in ultrafast, high-field pump–probe experiments.

This study introduces a nano-confined CuRu catalyst that leverages confinement effects to enhance CO₂–nitrate C–N coupling by improving reactant transport and strengthening the stabilization of key reaction intermediates, thereby achieving high urea yield and long-term operational stability.

Experiences guide our preferences, particularly when they violate expectations. Here, the authors show that prediction errors also arise endogenously as a consequence of merely imagined events by coopting mechanisms of reinforcement learning.

A study demonstrates how experimental measurements of only the connectivity of a biological neural network can be used to predict neural responses across the fly visual system at single-neuron resolution using deep learning techniques.