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Overexpression of underglycosylated MUC1 (uMUC1) is found in most malignant adenocarcinomas of epithelial origin. Here the authors use chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI to detect uMUC1 and to distinguish between malignant and nonmalignant tumours.

The conversion of quantum states between single photons and single atoms is an essential ingredient for the implementation of quantum memories. Here, Kurz et al. demonstrate a photon-to-atom quantum state conversion protocol characterized by mapping fidelities as high as 95%.

Understanding how copper nanoparticles evolve under electrochemical conditions is crucial for the development of selective CO₂ reduction electrocatalysts. Here the authors prepare well-defined nanocrystals and use advanced operando imaging and spectroscopic techniques to reveal the Cu–CO species-driven dynamic evolution of Cu electrodes.

Space debris laser ranging, and satellite laser ranging are currently performed with slightly different setups. Here, the authors show a single setup with a Megahertz laser for both high-precision satellite laser ranging and space debris laser ranging.

Network glass fracture is a sudden, complex process lacking clear precursors. Here, the authors develop the local intelligent stress threshold indicator (LISTI), a neural network-based tool that predicts nanoscale crack nucleation by correlating local stress thresholds with structural topology, offering a method to identify fracture-prone zones in network glasses.

There is interest in controlling particle beams using electric fields and using them in compact devices. Here the authors demonstrate guiding and splitting of charged particle (electron and ion) beams on a chip designed with special structures.

Standard approaches for identifying pleiotropic genetic variants may lead to spurious results. Here the authors present a new statistical method and show that it uncovers five genes linked to metabolites in METSIM participants, which were previously undetected by existing methods.

How climate change will impact microbial community growth is unclear. Here, the authors use a field experiment with varying global change factors, finding fungal growth more drought-resistant than microbial growth and overall changes in bacterial growth strategies.

Redox signalling is emerging as an important regulator of metabolism and physiology, which is dysregulated in ageing and disease. Here, the authors show that redox regulation of a key redox sensitive cysteine in Atg4a induces autophagy in vivo and extends lifespan in female Drosophila.

Aging affects multiple organs and tracking these changes could improve our understanding of disease risk. Here, the authors show that metabolomics-based organ-specific aging clocks can predict future risk of cardiometabolic disease and mortality.

Proton exchange membranes with short-pathway through-plane proton conductivity are attractive for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Here the authors align proton conducting channels orthogonal to the plane of composite proton exchange membranes using a magnetic field for improved fuel cell performance.

Discovering lipid nanoparticles for unmet clinical needs relies heavily on the screening of unique formulations incorporating distinct lipids and nucleic acid cargos. This Perspective highlights how automation and parallelization have accelerated the rate of lipid nanoparticle discovery and discusses how coupling these advances with machine learning enable the predictive design of new therapeutic candidates.

This study presents a non-contrast MRI technique to map venous perfusion dynamics and territories in the brain. This method shows sensitivity to global perfusion changes due to caffeine and specificity to local changes induced by neural activation.

Silk protein fibres are exceptionally strong, owing to their high β-sheet nanocrystal content. Here, the authors use an electron beam to guide silk β-sheet crystals through structural transitions, and visualize the changes by infrared near-field optics, achieving close to molecular-level resolution.

Active matter can separate into dense and dilute phases in the absence of inter-particle attraction, making it distinct from passive matter. Wittkowski et al.develop a dynamical theory to elucidate the physics at play, which includes a specific term that violates microscopic time-reversal symmetry.

The spiral spin liquid is a spin liquid state characterized by short range correlations that maintain the spin spiral locally, but without the global order of the standard spin spiral. Material realization of this state has been lacking. Here, through neutron scattering measurements, Andriushin et al confirm a spiral spin liquid state in AgCrSe₂.

Nerve injury activates microglia to remove spinal synapses, disrupting spinal sensory processing and contributing to chronic pain. Blocking complement protein C1q preserves synapses, highlighting a potential therapeutic target for neuropathic pain.

Numerous correlated materials exhibit an in-plane anisotropic ground state but their origin is unclear. Here the authors control the orientation of orbital domains in a manganite using the polarization of terahertz pulses, which can be explained by field-induced enhancement of the electron interactions.

Precision measurements provide a sensitive test of fundamental constants and their uncertainties. Here the authors precisely measure the hyperfine structure splitting in bismuth ions, and report significant discrepancy with the theoretical prediction of quantum electrodynamics.

Surface structures can have an important effect on the traits of two-dimensional electron liquids. Here, the authors demonstrate how the surface terminations of SrTiO₃(001) affect the mechanism and properties of the two-dimensional electron liquid.

A device that consists of a square array of independent direct current loops on top of a film of yttrium iron garnet can generate a complex reconfigurable magnetic medium and be used to solve inverse-design problems experimentally without the use of numerical simulations.

This work reports on high-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering experiments revealing a striking renormalization of the phonon spectra of high-T_c cuprates associated with the formation of charge density waves. Their origin is attributed to the hybridization of phonons with dispersive collective excitations of the charge density waves, providing insights in the role of electron-phonon interaction in high temperature superconductors.

A population of TRAIL-positive astrocytes in glioblastoma contributes to an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment and this mechanism can be targeted with an engineered oncolytic virus to improve outcomes.

Current base editors cannot simultaneously edit multiple loci with base-pair level precision, hindering complex genotype generation. Here the authors describe optimized Cas12a gRNA array designs, enabling base-pair conversions at up to 15 loci and with reduced bystander editing rates in human cells.

The ratio between the levels of two synaptic proteins in cerebrospinal fluid predicts future cognitive resilience versus decline among presymptomatic individuals and individuals with early Alzheimer’s disease harboring amyloid and tau pathology.

Wood density is an important plant trait. Data from 1.1 million forest inventory plots and 10,703 tree species show a latitudinal gradient in wood density, with temperature and soil moisture explaining variation at the global scale and disturbance also having a role at the local level.

Sorption modeling treating soil as a homogenous medium misrepresents PFAS mobility in the subsurface. Exploring minerals reveals the role of aluminum-oxide electrostatics for short PFAS and organic matter and air-water interface for long-chains.

One-dimensional molecular arrays on graphene field-effect transistors can be reversibly switched between different periodic charge states by tuning the graphene Fermi level via a back-gate electrode and by manipulating individual molecules, allowing them to function as a nanoscale shift register.

A terahertz quantum cascade laser and diode mixer are monolithically integrated to form a simple microelectronic terahertz transceiver. The performance of this system — the transmission of a coherent carrier, heterodyne reception of an external signal, frequency locking and tuning — is as efficient as that of discrete component terahertz photonic systems.

Electric-field-induced second harmonic generation can be used to measure the in-plane electric field in gallium nitride high-electron-mobility transistors and probe how dopants influence the electric field distribution.

Recently, a Luttinger liquid state was reported in a moiré superlattice of bilayer tungsten ditelluride at small twist angles and temperatures of a few kelvins. Here, the authors extend this result to millikelvin temperatures, supporting the existence of the 2D anisotropic Luttinger liquid as a stable ground state.

Distortions in a propagating optical wavefront — known as aberrations — prevent the achievement of a diffraction-limited beam spot. A generic in situ wavefront correction method based on complex modulation is demonstrated, allowing compensation for all aberrations along the whole optical train. The scheme is used for direct trapping through highly turbid and diffusive media, opening up new applications for optical micromanipulation in colloidal and biological physics.

Two- and three-dimensional mesoscale superlattice crystals with precisely engineered optical properties can be assembled from the bottom up by using DNA as a programmable ligand.

Perovskite photovoltaics have achieved high power conversion efficiencies, yet their durability remains to be proven. This Perspective presents a number of approaches with a view to addressing durability challenges.

Magneto-ionics are a promising approach for controlling magnetism via electric fields, but most studies have been limited to thin films, rather than the nanostructures that would form the basis of a magneto-ionic memory unit. Here, Spasojevic et al demonstrate magneto-ionic control over transitions among paramagnetic, single domain, and vortex states in an array of nanodots.

Sarcomas are a group of mesenchymal malignancies which are molecularly heterogeneous. Here, the authors develop an in vivo muscle electroporation system for gene delivery to generate distinct subtypes of orthotopic genetically engineered mouse models of sarcoma, as well as syngeneic allograft models with scalability for preclinical assessment of therapeutics.