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The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Control of liquid-based materials is important for developing materials based on these, but topological flexibility is limited. Here, the authors report a method for digital fabrication of slippery objects with solid-liquid composite interfaces and geometric design freedom.

Minimal invasiveness and robust signal detection are required in neural probes. Here, the authors develop NeuroWeb, an ultra-thin, minimally invasive surface electrode array. In vivo electrophysiological and optogenetic experiments show single-unit activity of neurons with high signal-to-noise ratio.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

Anti-cancer drugs could independently promote TB progression. Here, the authors show using mouse models, that anti-cancer drug treatments could induce delayed Mtb-specific T cell responses, followed by G-CSF dependent neutrophil manifestation in the lungs, leading to TB exacerbation.

Direct contact between tumour cells and fibroblasts influences tumour cell behaviour. Here the authors show that pancreatic cancer cells and fibroblasts directly interact via homophilic ATP1A1 binding, which induces fibroblasts to secrete activin A to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tumour cells and myofibroblast activation.

Maintaining proper reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance is critical for cellular and individual health, yet its dynamic nature encumbers monitoring and assessment. Here the authors propose a platform using mass cytometry-based detection, termed SN-ROP, to identify distinct ROS profiles associated with specific immune cell functions and disease states.

The insertion of thin layers of cobalt can stabilize β-tungsten under back-end-of-line thermal constraints, allowing a 64-kb spin–orbit torque magnetic random-access memory to be fabricated that offers a spin–orbit torque switching of 1 ns, data retention of more than 10 years and a tunnelling magnetoresistance of 146%.

Interactions between alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages shape lung development and function. Here Kang et al. develop alveolar assembloids by co-culturing alveolar organoids with macrophages providing a platform to model lung diseases.

Transfer printing of inorganic semiconductors is essential for high-performance flexible electronics. Here, Park et al. report the micro-vacuum assisted selective transfer to integrate inorganic thin-film semiconductors on unusual substrates.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Kim et al. report the oxidation of Sn-based perovskites, previously considered as detrimental, can be exploited to suppress the gate leakage current and enhance transistor performance and stability, enabling low-voltage logic operation using perovskite-IGZO junction field-effect transistors.

Here, the authors sample air and surfaces in hospital rooms of COVID-19 patients, detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in air samples of two of three tested airborne infection isolation rooms, and find surface contamination in 66.7% of tested rooms during the first week of illness and 20% beyond the first week of illness.

A stealthy neural recorder allows for the study of the behaviour of non-human primates in naturalistic settings.

Light trapped in the active polymeric layer limits the total efficiency of polymer light-emitting diodes. Here, Lee et al.get round this bottleneck by enhancing light extraction in waveguide optical modes via ripple-shaped nanostructures that spontaneously form on ZnO electrode surfaces.

Targeted protein degradation is a promising approach for basic research and therapeutic applications. Here, the authors develop a targeted protein degradation platform called AUTOTAC to degrade oncoproteins and neurodegeneration-associated proteins via the p62-dependent autophagy-lysosome system.

Lyden and colleagues find that immune developmental genes, such as apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 (APAF1), support DNA packaging on the surface of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles that are taken up by resident liver macrophages, thereby suppressing metastasis.

A new transfer method for microLEDs fabrication based on fluidic self-assembly technology combining magnetic and dielectrophoresis forces is described, achieving a very high simultaneous RGB LED transfer yield and over large areas.

While the organelle genome is commonly considered to be a single circular DNA molecule, extensive variation exists. Here, the authors report multipartite minicircular genomes in red algae and indicate an origin driven by recombination due to loss of DNA replication, recombination, and repair genes.

Analyses of multiregional tumour samples from 421 patients with non-small cell lung cancer prospectively enrolled to the TRACERx study reveal determinants of tumour evolution and relationships between intratumour heterogeneity and clinical outcome.

Oxide ceramic electrolytes for Li-metal batteries often require high-temperature processing, which can compromise material reliability. Here, the authors present a sintering-free approach to synthesize disorder-driven garnet-type solid electrolytes, achieving performance comparable to traditional sintered materials.

The efficacy of a B-cell-lymphoma-2-homology-3 mimetic can be predicted by profiling the rewired status of the network of interactions among proteins of the B-cell-lymphoma-2 family via single-molecule pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation.

Developing integrated stretchable metal-oxide transistors and circuits is challenging. Here, Kang et al. leveraged molecular-tailored elastic substrates for enhanced adhesion, thus achieving high performance and logical operation across various circuits under high strain.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

Disposable filters are generally used for air purification despite frequent replacement and waste generation problems. Here, a ceramic catalyst filter is introduced as a new class of filter that simultaneously removes PMs and VOCs as primary air pollutants and can be regenerated and used for long periods by simple water washing.

BMP ligands act as retrograde signalling molecules to regulate presynaptic development, and regulation of BMP receptors by endocytosis may be an important component of this signalling pathway. Here, the authors show that Abi-mediated macropinocytosis of BMP receptors in Drosophila larva and contributes to neuromuscular development.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common type of primary liver cancer. Here the authors show an oxygen gradient chip that separates aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma cells from a heterogeneous tumor mass, mirroring the conditions of the portal vein, hepatic artery, and liver.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

Direct targeting of oncogenic KRAS activity is a challenge. Here the authors report that a splice variant of AIMP2, AIMP2-DX2, enhances KRAS stability by blocking ubiquitin-mediated degradation of KRAS via the E3 ligase, Smurf2, and identify a chemical that can hinder AIMP2-DX2 from interacting with KRAS.

Therapies and vaccines for COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 viral pandemic, are urgently needed. Here the authors establish and screen an antibody library from a convalescent COVID-19 patient to isolate a neutralizing antibody with the ability to reduce viral titer and alleviate symptoms in ferret, hamster, and rhesus monkey infection models.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Eukaryotic algae and cyanobacteria can produce hydrogen in the presence of little or no oxygen. Here, the authors show that two microalgal strains are capable of producing hydrogen under aerobic conditions, and provide new insights into the natural evolution of oxygen-tolerant hydrogenase.

Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that causes meningoencephalitis. Here the authors describe the production of a gene-deletion mutant collection representing most C. neoformansnon-essential transcription factors, providing insight into the signalling networks that govern the biology and pathogenicity of this fungus.

Lee et al. report blue fin-LEDs with improved brightness and light extraction efficiency comparing to nanorod-LEDs by using a face-selective dielectrophoretic assembly technology. The wafer utilization ratio exceeds 90%, with a vertical assembly ratio of 91.3% and pixel production yield of 99.93%.

Virtual memory T cells have antimicrobial functions but whether they can contribute to inflammatory pathology is unclear. Here the authors show that a subset of CD8⁺ T cells that originates from virtual memory T cells upon cytokine stimulation can drive the chronic inflammatory disease alopecia areata via innate-like cytotoxic effector functions.

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) uses Fenton chemistry to covert hydrogen peroxide in cancer cells to toxic hydroxyl radicals, but endogenous hydrogen peroxide is insufficient to drive sustainable CDT. Here, the authors report a water oxidation CoFe Prussian blue nanoframe to provide sustained, external energy free self-supply of hydroxyl radicals for CDT.

Here the authors demonstrate functionality for on-chip optical communications via reconfigurable exciton-plasmon interconversion in 200 nm-diameter silver nanowires overlapping onto two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide transistors.

The tensile strength of a carbon nanotube fiber is predicted to increase as its constituent nanotubes become more perfectly and densely aligned. Here, the authors present an optimized direct-spinning and chlorosulfonic acid densification method to rapidly produce carbon nanotube fibers with excellent mechanical and electrical properties.

Here the authors identify silicon as an optimal element for anchoring oxygen on copper, nickel or iron surfaces to prevent oxidation. An atomically thin layer of SiMOx (M = Cu, Ni, or Fe) renders the metal surface impermeable to oxygen up to 400 °C while preserving the electrical properties.

Though skin-attachable vibration sensors are promising for voice recognition applications, current technologies do not meet key performance requirements. Here, the authors report a flexible skin-attachable sensor with high sensitivity and flat frequency response over the vocal frequency range.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.