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Results from the randomized ProfiLER-02 trial, which compared two gene panels in guiding molecular-based treatment in patients with solid tumors, show that a broader gene panel led to more molecular-based recommended therapies compared to a more limited gene panel.

In this Stage 2 Registered Report, Buchanan et al. show evidence confirming the phenomenon of semantic priming across speakers of 19 diverse languages.

Genomic, transcriptomic and epigenetic analyses of malignant pleural mesothelioma identify molecular axes and specialized tumor profiles underlying intertumoral heterogeneity.

The effects of GWAS-identified variants on splicing may explain their impact on gene expression. Here, the authors use GWAS, bioinformatic and functional analyses to highlight the role splicing variants play in complex traits in cattle.

Mangrove soil organic matter pools across different geomorphic settings vary more strongly than across all terrestrial biomes, according to soil core analysis of multiple mangrove geomorphic settings.

This paper reports the engineering of nirFAST, a near-infrared fluorescent chemogenetic reporter suitable for multi-color protein imaging in cells and organisms, as well as for the design of cellular biosensors and protein-proximity-inducing tools.

Myotonic dystrophy is a slowly progressing muscle disease marked by muscle wasting and myotonia. Nicolas Charlet-Berguerand and his colleagues have found that the myotonia component of the disease is probably due to missplicing of BIN1 RNA, resulting in malformation of T tubules in skeletal muscle and disruption of the excitation-contraction coupling machinery.

Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinomas (cHCC-CCA) are challenging to diagnose, as they exhibit features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCA). Here, the authors use deep learning to re-classify cHCC-CCA tumours into HCC or ICCA based on histopathology images.

RNA-binding proteins acting as decoys for pathogenic expanded CUG RNA repeats reverse the toxicity of the mutant transcripts in muscle cells derived from a patient with myotonic dystrophy type 1 and in a mouse model of the disease.

Oaks can live hundreds of years. Comparative genomics using a high-quality genome sequence provides new insights that may explain tree longevity. Samples from branches and corresponding acorns also help quantify heritable somatic mutations.

A region on chromosome 19p13 is associated with the risk of developing ovarian and breast cancer. Here, the authors genotyped SNPs in this region in thousands of breast and ovarian cancer patients and identified SNPs associated with three genes, which were analysed with functional studies.

A high-quality reference for the sunflower genome (Helianthus annuus L.) and analysis of gene networks involved in flowering time and oil metabolism provide a basis for nutritional exploitation and analyses of adaptation to climate change.

Cellular uptake of copper(ii) by CD44 has a key role in regulating cellular plasticity via copper(ii)-dependent downstream signalling events.

Fine-mapping of causal variants and integration of epigenetic and chromatin conformation data identify likely target genes for 150 breast cancer risk regions.

At a time when protecting the environment is urgent, dealing with inherent uncertainties in the responses of biodiversity to disturbances is essential. This study promotes a promising tool to assess the vulnerability of species assemblages to guide protection efforts even if species response and disturbance regimes are poorly documented.

Chronic inflammation often involves reactivation of memory adaptive immune. Here the authors show, using non-human primate models, that a single dose of anti-IL-7 receptor monoclonal antibody that exhibits antagonist but not agonist properties can reduce the frequency of antigen-specific T cell to help repress chronic skin inflammation.

An epidural spinal cord stimulation system regulates blood pressure in the acute and chronic phases of spinal cord injury.

Sepsis induces a period of immunosuppression which can be problematic in the face of subsequent infectious challenge. Here the authors show the presence of PD-L1 expressing regulatory plasma cells that can inhibit T cells in a murine model and in patients with sepsis.

Microbes were thought to be the dominant reef constructors following the end-Permian mass extinction. Sponge–microbe reef deposits formed in the Early Triassic from the western United States suggest that instead, metazoan-reef building continued immediately following the extinction wherever marine conditions allowed.

The inhibitor of kB kinase (IKK) is a central regulator of NF-kB signalling. Here the authors identify a motif conserved in substrates of canonical and alternative NF-kB pathways which mediates docking to catalytic IKK dimers: they show that phosphorylation of the conserved tyrosine suppresses the docking interaction.

Leptosphaeria maculans is a plant pathogen that causes stem canker of oilseed rape. Rouxel et al. sequence and describe the key features of the L. maculansgenome, including partitioning into AT-rich blocks that are enriched in effector genes and transposable elements affected by repeat-induced point mutation.

Microsatellite instability is a known risk factor for colorectal cancer development and treatment response. Here, the authors utilise deep learning to develop MSIntuit, a pre-screening tool to detect MSI from H&E stained slides.

B cells are crucial in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. In a mouse model of MS, the authors show that B cells make IL-23, and that IL-23 invokes meningeal inflammation and CNS presence of T peripheral helper cells.

Fluorescent reporters spanning the visible spectrum are needed for imaging live cells and organisms. Here the authors report a collection of fluorogenic chromophores that cover the visible spectrum from blue to red using a single engineered and optimised protein tag.

Methylation of CHMP2B regulates abscission timing by modulating ESCRT-III dynamics during cytokinesis. This methylation also plays a role in HIV-1 budding, highlighting the broader significance of ESCRT-III methylation.

Many countries introduced COVID certificates that were required to access public venues. Here, the authors analyse data from France, Germany, and Italy, and estimate that these policies led to increased vaccine uptake of 6-13 percentage points with subsequent beneficial impacts on health and economic outcomes.

Prostaglandin E2 from the tumour microenvironment impairs interleukin-2 sensing by tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, restricting proliferative response and promoting T cell death via metabolic impairment and ferroptosis. 

The importance of human innate lymphoid cells to normal human physiology is unclear. Vivier and colleagues find that immunodeficient patients ‘rescued’ with normal bone marrow can recover their T cells but not their innate lymphoid cells, yet remain entirely asymptomatic for nearly 40 years.

Analysis of a multicenter cohort of kidney transplants shows that mismatches in the MICA locus and the presence of anti-MICA donor-specific antibodies are associated with reduced graft survival and increased rejection.

This study uses a compilation of 58 population genetic studies of 47 phylogenetically divergent marine sedentary species over the Mediterranean basin to assess how genetic differentiation is predicted by different dispersal models. Multi-generation dispersal models reveal implicit links among siblings from a common ancestor (coalescent connectivity) that could improve spatial conservation planning.

In a large multicentric study of patients with advanced NSCLC undergoing anti-PD-1 therapy, the relative abundance of intestinal Akkermansia spp. was shown to associate with changes in the gut microbiome ecosystem and clinical outcomes.

Protein MreB participates in elongation of sidewalls during growth of most rod-shaped bacteria. Here, the authors use fluorescence microscopy and single-particle tracking to visualize MreB, showing thatBacillus subtilis and Escherichia coliappear to use different strategies to adapt to growth rate variations.

In hierarchical cosmological models, galaxies grow in mass through the continual accretion of smaller ones. The tidal disruption of these systems is expected to result in loosely bound and distant stars surrounding the galaxy. A panoramic survey of the Andromeda galaxy (M31) now reveals stars and coherent structures that are almost certainly remnants of dwarf galaxies destroyed by the tidal field of M31.