Search

The study of highly active electrodes in organic electrosynthesis remains an under-investigated component of the subfield. This work introduces a bottom-up route to prepare chitin-derived composite carbon aerogel electrodes (CCAEs), which can be directly used as electrodes in organic electrosynthesis systems.

Visible-light-mediated intramolecular [2+2] cycloaddition of aza-1,6-dienes gives bridged, not fused, heterocycles, in violation of the ‘rule-of-five’, which dictates that five-membered rings are preferentially formed. This method allows a variety of bridged bicyclic scaffolds to be accessed, enabling drug-relevant properties to be readily tuned.

In this work, researchers build a scalable photonic Chern insulator by twisting a fibre during fabrication, breaking an effective time-reversal symmetry and inducing a pseudo-magnetic field. The team reveals a ‘Goldilocks’ regime that guarantees topological protection against fabrication-induced disorder of any symmetry class in the fibre cross-section.

Medicine anticounterfeiting represents a significant challenge, with methods for detection of this limited. Here, the authors report the development of edible phosphorescent supramolecules suitable for use as phosphorescent inks for in-medicine anticounterfeiting.

Aqueous two-phase systems have potential as biomimetic materials, but often lack stability and are prone to collapse. Here, the authors use interfacial assembly of chitin nanofibres and cellulose nanocrystals to prepare a biobased system with permeability and switchable motility.

Werner et al. present the results of the 201 Trial, a 12-week randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled phase 2a study of risvodetinib, in patients with early untreated Parkinson’s disease. Risvodetinib was found to be safe and well tolerated.

Authors study links between amyloid secondary nucleation and growth defects, demonstrating these sites on Aβ40/Aβ42 fibrils are rare compared to the number of protein molecules. Re-analysis of published data suggests that defects may also drive secondary nucleation generally.

Experimentally assessing entropy production in nanosystems is challenging. Now, the dissipation is visualized in a time-dependently driven non-Markovian quantum-dot blinking process in real time.

A follow-up analysis of a clinical trial that evaluated anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with cancer who are living with HIV provides mechanistic insights into transcriptomic, cellular and cytokine changes related to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment and identifies a signature associated with clinical response.

Viral ribonucleoprotein–viral protein networks form pre-replication centres that nucleate viral factories and drive respiratory syncytial virus replication.

People constantly decide whether to stop what they are doing to do something else. Here, the authors show that the quality of available options has a greater influence on people’s decisions to help others than to help themselves.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated gut microbiome dysbiosis correlates with systemic immunodeficiency and opportunistic gut infections. Faecal microbiome transplantation from people living with HIV with high peripheral CD4⁺ T cell counts improved intestinal immunity and protection against Cryptosporidium parvum in mice.

Here, the authors show that 2’-O-methylated RNA fragments from ribosomal RNA naturally block TLR7 and TLR8, helping to avoid avoid harmful self-RNA detection and autoimmunity.

It is unclear whether the harsh abiotic conditions of drylands hinder biological invasions. This global analysis shows that drylands are vulnerable to non-native plants and are likely to become more so as native plant diversity declines and grazing pressure intensifies.

Targeted ablation of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) signalling in CAR T cells enhances their activity in PGE₂-rich solid tumours, with demonstrations of efficacy in vitro, in mouse xenografts and in patient-derived organotypic tumour spheroids.

Bright electron bunches power particle physics and photon science. Here, reproducible bunches were generated in a plasma with simultaneous high charge per unit energy and low emittance, advancing a scheme to produce ultra-bright bunches in future.

Models of turbulent flows are often simulated in the laboratory, in sampling areas with dimensions <1 m. Here, the authors exploit a natural snowstorm to quantify turbulent flows, exploring the complex dynamics of the atmospheric boundary layer around a 2.5-MW utility-scale wind turbine.

People living with multiple long-term conditions often experience reduced quality of life, but evidence from Southeast Asia is fragmented. Here the authors show that commonly used tools indicate moderately reduced yet generally good quality of life, highlighting the need for context-sensitive measurement approaches.

Whether orientation-selectivity is discernable via fMRI remains unclear. Here, by analyzing a public dataset of responses to natural scenes using neurally-inspired image-computable models, the authors isolate and characterize a coarse-scale orientation map and demonstrate that orientation-selective BOLD responses reflect multiple distinct computations at a range of spatial scales.

The authors describe the discovery of a series of potent non-competitive allosteric inhibitors of the ZIKV NS2B-NS3 protease, which exhibit antiviral activity in vitro and robust oral efficacy against ZIKV infections in a mouse model.

The impact of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) on protein function and cancer risk remain unclear. Here, the authors focus on the functional impact of VUS of the PALB2 gene and identify defects in DNA damage repair by homologous recombination associated with increased risk of breast cancer.

JWST imaged three of the gas giants orbiting the star HR 8799 to study their atmospheres. The uniform enrichment of heavy elements, including sulfur, indicates that they formed like Jupiter and Saturn by accreting a lot of icy and rocky solids.

A measurement strategy is described that is able to read out the parity of minimal two-site Kitaev chains in real time, by coupling two Majoranas and resolving their quantum capacitance.

Climate and land-use changes will redistribute fire across the planet. Larger, more frequent, and intense wildfires are projected in extra-tropical regions, while human-driven declines in fire activity are reversed under the highest degrees of warming.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

cellSTAAR advances noncoding rare variant association analysis by integrating single-cell genomics data.

The lowest-frequency gravitational wave background may be shaped by supermassive black hole binaries that scatter nearby stars or dark matter. In this case, the NANOGrav 15-year dataset favours dense galactic centres with 10⁶ solar masses per cubic parsec.

Battery electrode binders are hard to image but strongly affect battery performance. Here, authors use silver and bromine staining to reveal common cellulose- and rubber-based binders in graphite and Si negative electrodes and identify processing that reduces electrode resistance.

A vascular graft enables wireless, real-time and continuous stenosis diagnosis and management.

A distinctive population with high hunter-gatherer ancestry persisted 3,000 years later than in most European regions, contributing to later Lower Rhine–Meuse Bell Beaker users.

The authors estimate genomic vulnerability for closely related species of rainbowfish. They find that narrow endemic species that have hybridized with a warm-adapted generalist show reduced vulnerability to climate change and that hybridization may facilitate evolutionary rescue for such species.

Becker et. al developed a proteomic proximity labeling platform named POCA, which makes use of a photosensitizer for singlet oxygen production and protein capture in the presence of amine, enabling profiling of interactomes of proteins and lipids in living cells.

Application of multiancestry and ensemble-based approaches yields improved polygenic risk prediction models for breast cancer and its subtypes among women of African ancestry.

Pangenomic and epidemiological analyses reveal a genetic shift in U.S. Salmonella Hadar populations during 2019–20, driven by expansion of a lineage carrying a prophage-like element that likely arose in commercial poultry and spread to backyard flocks.

Single iron atoms on nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts are a promising alternative to platinum for the oxygen reduction reaction on fuel cell cathodes, but commonly suffer from low stability. Here an in situ chemical vapour deposition synthetic approach is presented, enabling high iron active site dispersion and reducing surface porosity, which mitigates demetallation and carbon corrosion, ensuring high activity and stability.

Bruijns et al. present a modeling tool that enables the tracking of learning dynamics across subjects to reveal how behaviors emerge and adapt. Applying the tool to a decision-making task in mice uncovers similarities and differences across individuals.

An Earth system model estimates that natural halogens, of marine biotic and abiotic origin, remove about 13% of present-day global tropospheric O₃. Projections suggest this ratio is stable through 2100, with high spatial heterogeneity, despite increasing natural halogens.

The current unbalance between the performance of n-type and p-type 2D transistors limits their applications for next-generation electronics. Here, the authors report the realization of high-performance 2D MoTe₂ p-type transistors by depositing metallic tellurium contacts via thermal evaporation.

Healing of infected tendons is hindered by mechanical dysfunction, tissue adhesion, and immune imbalance. Here, Li et al. develop a multifunctional Janus hydrogel with asymmetric adhesion, antibacterial properties, and pH-responsive release of tendon stem cell-derived exosomes for infected tendon repair.

Ribas and colleagues report the results of a phase 2 clinical trial of neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade in patients with surgically resectable desmoplastic melanoma.

Five-year survival data and biomarker analysis of the PRADO extension cohort of the phase 2 OpACIN-neo trial, in which patients with high-risk stage III melanoma received neoadjuvant ipilimumab and nivolumab and underwent pathologic response-directed surgery and adjuvant therapy, show 71% event-free survival and 88% overall survival, with tumor mutational burden, IFNγ signature and PD-L1 expression associated with favorable outcomes.

Scholl et al. show that PopZ forms filamentous condensates driven by its helical domain and inhibited by its disordered region. Phase-dependent conformations modulate client interactions and disruption of filamentation or condensation impairs cellular function and growth.

Centennial-scale variations in methane carbon isotope ratios are attributed to changes in pyrogenic and biogenic sources that can be correlated with anthropogenic activities, such as varying levels of biomass burning during the period of the Roman empire and the Han dynasty, and changes in natural climate variability.

An approach to discover reactive diazo-based metabolites by capture based on their reactivity coupled to mass spectrometry revealed two previously unknown diazo-containing compounds produced by the human lung pathogen Nocardia ninae using novel biosynthetic chemistry.

MedHELM, an extensible evaluation framework including a new taxonomy for classifying medical tasks and a benchmark of many datasets across these categories, enables the evaluation of large language models on real-world clinical tasks.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

In complex reaction systems featuring intricate product and pathway possibilities, achieving simultaneous control over multiple selectivities remains highly challenging. Now it has been demonstrated that biomimetic peptide–phosphonium salts can concurrently impart stepwise and stereochemical control in the asymmetric Atherton–Todd reaction, which enables efficient access to diverse P-stereogenic platform molecules.