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Observations of a fast X-ray transient reveal that it is a gamma-ray-burst explosion from a very distant galaxy that emits light with the wavelength necessary to drive cosmic reionization, the last major phase change in the history of the Universe.

The XRISM Resolve spectrum of the galactic neutron star X-ray binary, GX 13+1, reveals one of the densest winds ever seen in absorption lines.

X-ray spectroscopic observations of the Centaurus galaxy cluster with the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission satellite show that the hot gas flows along the line of sight relative to the central galaxy.

A long-period radio transient with coincident radio and X-ray emission and observational properties unlike any known Galactic object has been observed by the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder.

The detection and modelling of nine X-ray quasi-periodic eruptions from a nearby tidal disruption event shows that these eruptions arise in accretion disks around massive black holes, left behind by tidally disrupted stars, and that an orbiting body colliding with this disk is a plausible explanation for the X-ray variability.

A study reports the measurement of the polarization degree and angle of X-rays from Sagittarius A^* reflected off a nearby cloud, indicating an X-ray flare about 200 years ago.

Kosec et al. analyse X-ray spectroscopic observations of outflowing hot material from an accreting neutron star. An innovative technique reveals the vertical distribution of the outflow structure, which is challenging to measure otherwise.

Its source has been a mystery since the discovery 25 years ago of the Galactic ridge X-ray emission. The gravitational well of the Galactic disk cannot hold the hot gas generating the X-ray glow and no other single source of energy that is large enough exists, but perhaps the hot plasma is bound to a multitude of faint sources. Here most of the diffuse-seeming X-ray emission is resolved into discrete sources, probably accreting white dwarfs and coronally active stars.

X-ray pulsations with an average period of 1.37 seconds have been detected from a known ultraluminous X-ray source hitherto thought to be a black hole; the pulsations instead unequivocally identify the source as an accreting magnetized neutron star ten times brighter than any previously known.

GBA, a major gene for Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, is associated with increased risk of developing dementia. Here, we demonstrate that GBA mutations in mice contribute to cognitive deficits through α-synuclein-independent mechanisms that impact synaptic vesicle endocytosis.

The authors discover that Jupiter's southern X-ray aurora is concentrated into a hot spot (until now only the north pole was known to have one), which behaves completely differently in brightness and timing pulsation from its northern counterpart.

It is known that cosmic rays could be accelerated by shock waves in supernova (SN) remnants. Here, the authors show that SN 1006 remnant is an efficient source of cosmic rays, providing observational support for the quasi-parallel acceleration mechanism.

Observations of optical flares from AT2022tsd (the ‘Tasmanian Devil’) show that they have durations on the timescale of minutes, occur over a period of months, are highly energetic, are probably nonthermal and have supernova luminosities.

Evaluating long-term immunogenicity and safety, this study shows that fractional and standard dose boosting with Pfizer and AstraZeneca vaccines following CoronaVac or AstraZeneca priming produces adequate immune responses, informing COVID-19 booster vaccination policy.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom measures and clinical diagnoses identify new risk loci, highlight putative effector genes and yield improved polygenic risk scores.

Stars, including the Sun, dim suddenly in the extreme ultraviolet and X-rays in the aftermath of a flare, and most of the time this dimming coincides with a coronal mass ejection. Such a correlation provides insight into the atmospheric escape and habitability of exoplanets.

A discovery of the brightening and decay of X-ray hot spots in the shell of the SNR RX J1713.˜73946 on a one-year timescale is reported. This rapid variability shows that the X-rays are produced by ultrarelativistic electrons through a synchrotron process.

Long-period radio transients emit powerful polarized signals lasting minutes to an hour. The discovery of ASKAP J1935+2148, a source showing diverse emission modes that resemble neutron-star behaviour, challenges existing ideas of these phenomena.

The discovery of a distant blazar J0410−0139 at z = 7 suggests that many similar sources existed in the early Universe, supporting the hypothesis that the rapid growth of black holes is driven by jet-enhanced or obscured accretion.

An uncharacteristically long stellar disruption from a supermassive black hole has been unravelling over the last decade. Spectral information implies very efficient accretion but recent observations hint at a transition to a less extreme accretion mode.

A faint gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) has been recently detected in coincidence with the gravitational wave (GW) event GW 170817. Here, the authors report that another faint short GRB at a cosmological distance (GRB150101B) and its late time emission are analogous to the neutron star merger event GRB 170817A.

A highly magnified, strongly lensed star-forming galaxy is detected in X-rays. It is a low-mass, low-metallicity starburst that is a likely analogue to the first generation of galaxies, which may have played a role in reionizing the Universe.

A unique merger shock is found in an early phase of two clusters undergoing a major merger, propagating outward along the equatorial plane of the merger. Owing to the rapid approach of the cluster pair, the gas along the merger axis is strongly compressed.

In February 2024, rapid, recurring X-ray bursts (quasi-periodic eruptions) were detected from the black hole within galaxy SDSS1335+0728. Named Ansky, the event features day-and-a-half-long flares and extreme energy levels, challenging existing models.

The death of massive stars has traditionally been discovered by explosive events in the gamma-ray band. Liu et al. show that the sensitive wide-field monitor on board Einstein Probe can reveal a weak soft-X-ray signal much earlier than gamma rays.

Persistent low-velocity baryonic jets have been detected from a supersoft X-ray source; the low velocity suggests that these jets have not been launched from a white dwarf, and the persistence speaks against the origin being a canonical black hole or neutron star, indicating that a different type of source must be implicated.

Ground-based and satellite observations show that the black hole in the ultraluminous X-ray source P13 has a mass of less than 15 times that of the Sun and displays the properties that typically distinguish ultraluminous X-ray sources from other stellar-mass black holes.

Hepatitis C virus lacks an effective vaccine, partly due to the absence of suitable animal models for testing. Here, the authors develop a live-attenuated vaccine, using synonymous mutagenesis in rodent hepacivirus, and demonstrate induction of a protective T cell response and protection from chronic infection in rats.

X-ray polarization measurements of the Crab nebula and pulsar by the IXPE satellite reveal a global toroidal magnetic field with large variations in local polarization, suggesting a more complex turbulence distribution than anticipated.

Observations from the JWST of the second brightest GRB ever detected, GRB 230307A, indicate that it belongs to the class of long-duration GRBs resulting from compact object mergers, with the decay of lanthanides powering the longlasting optical and infrared emission.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

High-resolution X-ray spectra reveal highly ionized X-ray gas flows in a nearby tidal disruption event, ASASSN-14li, near to the black hole of the galaxy PGC 043234.

Archival X-ray data reveal quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) in binary systems on timescales of several hours to several months. The discovery of QPEs in Swift J0230 data with periods of weeks may help bridge the gap in our understanding of their origins and timescales.

A stripped-envelope supernova, SN 2022jli, shows 12.4-day periodic undulations during the declining light curve, and narrow Hα emission is detected in late-time spectra with concordant periodic velocity shifts.

Arabzade, Shirnekhi, Varadharajan, Ippagunta and colleagues show that the zinc finger translocation-associated (ZFTA) fusion oncoproteins gain intrinsically disordered regions, inducing nuclear condensate formation and oncogenic activation.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Polarization can exceed 60% at the leading edge of the inner part of the Vela pulsar wind nebula; in contrast with the case of the supernova remnant, the electrons in the pulsar wind nebula are accelerated with little or no turbulence in a highly uniform magnetic field.

Chandra X-ray Observatory spectral observations of the active star HR 9024 provide evidence of plasma motions that indicate a stellar flare and subsequent coronal mass ejection. This event provides critical information on non-solar coronal mass ejections and a point of comparison to the Sun, a much less active star.

Here the authors show that rRNA methylase DIMT-1 regulates aging by acting after mid-life in the germline, regulating specialized ribosomes that perform selective translation of mRNAs important for longevity. Thus revealing an additional layer of proteome dysfunction as an aging regulator.