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Upon stress, plants activate a signaling cascade leading to resistance or stress adaptation. Here, Ang & Saju et al. use sensor multiplexing to elucidate the interplay between H₂O₂ and SA signaling as plants mount stress-specific defense responses.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

A study of several longitudinal birth cohorts and cross-sectional cohorts finds only moderate overlap in genetic variants between autism that is diagnosed earlier and that diagnosed later, so they may represent aetiologically different conditions.

Analysis of samples from the asteroid Ryugu provide evidence of late fluid flow in a carbonaceous asteroid, indicating that such bodies may have retained two to three times more water than previously thought.

Opposing forces generated by exopolysaccharide trail binding versus type IV pilus retraction generate a high cyclic diGMP–high cyclic AMP state in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that promotes social motility.

Saccadic eye movements during free viewing exhibit patterns that reflect a strategy to increase neural responses by matching motor behavior with the statistics of the natural world and with the processing limitations of sensory systems.

Net-zero bioplastics are possible when combined with high recycling rates. This study presents a mixed polyester recycling process integrated with monomer separation and purification for both fossil- and bio-based plastics. Techno-economic and life cycle analyses confirm its environmental and commercial advantages, advancing the path toward circular, low-emission polyester plastics.

Lineage switching (LS) facilitates acute myeloid leukemia (AML) escaping CD19 targeted immunotherapy, but the underlying mechanism are not well understood. The authors here analyze patients’ single-cell mass cytometry and single-cell transcriptomics data, and identify an LS AML with the MDSC-like phenotype which is associated with LS in AML with KMT2A rearrangement.

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy is a myopathy linked to ectopic expression of the DUX4 transcription factor. The authors show that the suppression of targets genes of the myogenesis regulator PAX7 is a signature of FSHD, and might explain oxidative stress sensitivity and epigenetic changes.

Lowering the levels of coagulation factor XII may prevent thrombosis without increasing the risk of bleeding. Here, Haj et al. use a large human dataset to show that this is the case for people carrying mutations that lower the levels of factor XII.

Erlich et al. show that soluble LTα and membrane-bound LTα1β2 lymphotoxins expressed by B cells play distinct roles to attenuate the pathology observed in ileitis.

Sensorineureal hearing loss is a form of deafness when sensory cells cannot sense vibrations. Here the authors design a piezo-ionotropic polymer for multi-resonance acoustic sensing, driven by ion hitching-in cage effect.

Lanbow, a palette of fluorophores with tunable near-infrared absorption and single-band emission in the shortwave infrared, enables up to nine-colour imaging in deep tissue and precise image-guided surgery in mammals.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

Direct human actions such as hunting and bird deterrence at aquaculture sites kill up to 10% of the populations of some shorebird species migrating along China’s coast each year, suggesting that this direct mortality is an overlooked threat to migratory populations.

Oncolytic viruses are under development for tumor treatment. David Kirn and colleagues now report their results of a randomized phase 2 dose-finding trial of JX-594, an oncolytic immunotherapeutic vaccinia virus, in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. The study shows that high-dose JX-594 was associated with significantly improved overall survival and induced radiographic responses and antitumor immunity.

Lithium has an essential role in the brain and is deficient early in Alzheimer’s disease, which can be recapitulated in mice and treated with a novel lithium salt that restores the physiological level.

Using RFdiffusion, a general method for targeting intrinsically disordered proteins and regions for protein design has been developed.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Genomic rearrangements have important functional consequences for cancer. Here, Choi and Meyerson use CRISPR/Cas technology to generate translocations and inversions that are known drivers of lung cancer, and demonstrate the utility of this technology for studying the role of genomic rearrangements in disease.

Analyses of genome and exome sequencing data identify rare coding and structural variants associated with atrial fibrillation and highlight genetic links between atrial fibrillation and cardiomyopathies.

Two-dimensional fluid interfaces are ubiquitous, but studying their surface dynamic properties is difficult because of coupling between the film and bulk fluid. Choiet al.combine active microrheology with fluorescence microscopy to image fluid interfaces under applied stress.

An analysis of data from the Sherlock-Lung study provides insight into the mutational processes that contribute to lung cancer in never smokers, and looks at the possible role of factors such as air pollution and passive smoking.

There is an urgent need for rapid point-of-care tools for tuberculosis diagnosis and antibiotic sensitivity analysis. Here, the authors describe a breath test that, within minutes, detects isoniazid-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosisin infected animals.

Phytochrome photoreceptors are master regulators of plant development. This paper describes 3D structures of soybean phytochrome A in both Pr (inactive) and Pfr (signalling) states, revealing changes that might transmit the light signal to the cell.

An atlas study of adipose tissue in people with obesity undergoing weight loss and their lean counterparts reveals that weight loss reduces cell senescence but cannot reverse all the metabolic problems caused by obesity.

Pathology-oriented multiplexing (PathoPlex) represents a framework for widespread access to multiplexed imaging and computational image analysis of clinical specimens at a relatively high throughput and subcellular resolution.

A single-cell sequencing study using more than 30,000 tumour genomes from human ovarian cancers shows that whole-genome doubling is an ongoing mutational process that drives tumour evolution and disrupts immunity.

The authors study electron-doped cuprate superconductor Pr_1−xLaCe_xCuO_4-δ using ARPES and muon spin spectroscopy. They find that T_c is proportional to the quasiparticle weight of the hole pocket near the nodal points, which arises from Fermi-surface reconstruction associated with antiferromagnetic order.

This work examines imaginarity as a resource in quantum information theory. The authors extend the resource theory of imaginarity to distributed scenarios, discuss the operational meaning and its role in channel discrimination.

Systematic base-editing and computational screens identify specific cysteine residues on VPS35 in the retromer complex as key sensors that decrease mitochondrial translation in response to reactive oxygen species signals.

Genetic code reprogramming enables ribosomal incorporation of nonproteinogenic amino acids for peptide development. The authors introduce a flexizyme system using phenol esters, improving aminoacylation efficiency and expanding ribosomal synthesis of diverse nonstandard peptides.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of lung adenocarcinoma but known susceptibility variants explain only a small fraction of the familial risk. Here, the authors perform a two-stage GWAS and report 12 novel genetic loci associated with lung adenocarcinoma in East Asians.

A survey across 90 societies reveals that variation and change in everyday norms are explained by a single value dimension: the priority societies place on individualizing versus binding moral concerns.

Molecular magnets may provide fundamental building blocks for future spintronic and quantum information technologies. Here, the authors demonstrate how the Yb₄ tetrahedral components of inorganic materials Ba₃Yb₂Zn₅O₁₁behave as isolated molecular magnets.