The development of blockers of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) has led to the identification of new RAAS components that might contribute to the effectiveness and/or adverse effects of these drugs. Here, the authors describe the roles of the prorenin receptor, type 2 angiotensin II receptors, angiotensin 1–7 and aldosterone–angiotensin II interactions and discuss the potential of modulators of these components to enhance RAAS blockade with potentially beneficial effects in patients with cardiovascular and renal diseases.
- Bruno Sevá Pessôa
- Nils van der Lubbe
- A. H. Jan Danser