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Given rising diabetes prevalence globally, access to diabetes treatments is gaining urgency. Here, the authors show patterns of glucose-lowering medication use for diabetes across 62 low- and middle-income countries.

Linear carbon (Cn), an elusive sp hybridized carbon allotrope, has attracted much interest both experimentally and among theorists due to remarkable properties and significant controversy. Here, the authors report the synthesis and characterization of an uncapped linear C5 as well as longer even- and odd-numbered carbon chains.

A technique called condense-seq has been developed to measure nucleosome condensability and used to show that mononucleosomes contain sufficient information to condense into large-scale compartments without requiring any external factors.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

How the brain supports speaking and listening during conversation of its natural form remains poorly understood. Here, by combining intracranial EEG recordings with Natural Language Processing, the authors show broadly distributed frontotemporal neural signals that encode context-dependent linguistic information during both speaking and listening..

Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have limited therapeutic options. Here the authors show that functionally impaired NK cells contribute to immune escape of pre-malignant clones in early stage MDS and that NK adoptive cell therapy can be considered to prevent or delay the development of MDS.

Thermal stability remains a key challenge for organic photovoltaics. Qin et al. now propose a strategy that stabilizes multiple components of the devices, enhancing their resilience under damp heat and thermal cycling conditions.

Watt, Dauber, Szkop and colleagues find that H3K4me3 remodels 5′UTR selection in hypoxia and that this process is independent of HIF-1 transcriptional mechanisms.

To fully realize LLMs’ potential value in clinical applications, effective methods to enhance their quality and credibility are required. Here, the authors present LINS, a framework to enhance medical LLM responses by integrating up-to-date evidence and supporting clinical tasks, and validate it through new physician-curated datasets and large-scale user trials.

The interactions of CAR-T cells and solid tumors are modeled on a chip.

Zhang et al. show that the activation of RIPK1 is suppressed by acetylhypusination in a spermidine-dependent manner. Disruption of this axis contributes to RIPK1-mediated vascular pathology to promote insulin resistance and diabetic kidney pathology.

The magnetoelastic coupling at a ferroelectric-ferromagnetic interface is shown to be dominated by shear-strain effects. Using polarised x-ray microscopy to simultaneously image the ferroic domain structures, the authors demonstrate an anomalous coupling in the ultrathin film limit.

While cyclo[16]carbon has been produced on the surface and is well characterized, C₁₆ isomers with other structures have been predicted only by theory. Here, the authors report the synthesis and structural characterization of a graphene-shaped C₁₆ flake on a bilayer NaCl surface grown on Au(111).

N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) is an N⁴‐acetylcytidine (ac⁴C) writer, which catalyzes RNA acetylation at cytidine N⁴ position on RNAs. Here, the authors show that NAT10 catalyzes ac⁴C addition to a long non-coding RNA encoded by the oncogenic DNA virus Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), triggering viral lytic reactivation from latency, which promotes NAT10 recruitment of IFI16 mRNA, resulting in inflammasome activation.

Conditional knockout of LARP4 in naive CD4⁺ T cells leads to attenuated quiescence exit and clonal expansion.

This study benchmarks four cutting-edge spatial transcriptomics platforms using human tumour tissues, performs multi-metric evaluation with multi-omics references, and presents the SPATCH portal for visualisation and download.

Mutations in the insulin receptor cause severe insulin resistance, but their functional impact is often unclear. Here, the authors map ~14,000 receptor variants, linking molecular defects to disease and highlighting variants responsive to therapeutic activation.

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli produces bundle-forming pili that facilitate bacterial adhesion and colonization. Here, the authors report a high-resolution structure of the BfpB-BfpG secretin channel complex, which enables pilus translocation across the outer membrane, revealing an unusual 17:17 stoichiometry and providing insights into its assembly mechanism.

R-loops are DNA-RNA hybrids that can cause genome instability if not properly controlled. Here, the authors show that the RNA helicase Brr2 prevents harmful circRNA-associated R-loops, thereby safeguarding transcription and cell division.

Little is known about the environmental benefits of housing reallocation. This study fills the gap, presenting an information-enabled housing exchange framework that, in the case of Beijing, Munich and Singapore, could substantially reduce the carbon emissions from commuting.

Benchmarking greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment plants is an essential step in developing mitigation strategies. This is now achieved for the USA by modelling over 15,000 facilities using Monte Carlo simulations to obtain a national baseline.

Here the authors develop a novel statistical method for quantifying mutation burden from whole genome sequencing data and use it to discover the genetic, genomic, and phenotypic correlates of clonal hematopoiesis without known driver genetic lesions.

In this work the authors present an approach called ProFlex which compresses flexibility information from protein structures via normal mode analysis, enabling scalable insights into protein dynamics and function through a novel structural alphabet.

Goel et al. produce high-resolution three-dimensional genome structure mapping from mitosis to G1 phase to show unseen interactions between enhancers and promoters in prometaphase. Polymer modeling indicates the interactions are facilitated by chromosome compaction.

Optoelectronic and photonic devices require materials with multiple, often conflicting functionalities, leading to integration challenges. Here, the authors demonstrate that layered PdSe₂ is suitable for infrared photodetection, light guiding and photothermal applications due to its peculiar semimetallic band structure.

A new study combines MRI data with proteomic, metabolomic and RNA data to develop and examine seven organ-specific MRI-based aging clocks, uncovering links to overall mortality and organ-specific diseases.

Native state proteomics of PV interneurons revealed unique molecular features of high translational and metabolic activity, and enrichment of Alzheimer’s risk genes. Early amyloid pathology exerted unique effects on mitochondria, mTOR signaling and neurotransmission in PV neurons.

Phosphorus locked in ancient marine carbonates shows that ocean phosphorus rose and fell with atmospheric oxygen during the Great Oxidation Event, Earth’s first major oxygenation. Models suggest brief nutrient pulses could have accelerated oxygen production

Young and colleagues describe an atmospheric pressure transmission-geometry MALDI approach equipped with plasma ionisation, which allows for subcellular mass spectrometry imaging of lipids and nucleotides in cells and tissues.

Pucella, Maqueda-Alfaro and colleagues distinguish three developmentally related subsets of mouse plasmacytoid dendritic cells that differ in their ability to produce type I interferon and their susceptibility to virus.

Whether and how gamma entrainment using sensory stimuli (GENUS) has a role in antiepileptogenesis is not fully understood. Here authors show that GENUS reduces seizure susceptibility in male mice. These effects are mediated via specific visual neural pathway.

Scanning dielectric microscopy of nanocapillaries filled with water reveals that interfacial and strongly confined water exhibits a large in-plane dielectric constant and an in-plane conductivity approaching superionic values. 

Here the authors reveal how an incoherent feedforward C/EBPα–Notch circuit times lung cell fate, guiding alveolar development, repair after injury, and shifts between protective and reparative states.